Structural Characterization and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lachnum</Emphasis> YM130

Exopolysaccharide of Lachnum YM130 (LEP) was purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose 52 and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. LEP-2a was identified to be a homogeneous component with an average molecular weight of 1.31?×?10⁶ Da, which was consisted of mannose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.8:1.0. The structure of LEP-2a was characterized by methylation analysis, FT-IR analysis, and NMR analysis. Results indicated that LEP-2a was a galactomannan with a backbone, composed of 1,2-linked-α-D-Manp, 1,2,6-linked-α-D-Manp, 1,3,4-linked-α-D-Manp, and 1,3-linked-β-D-Galp, which was substituted at O-2, O-3, O-4, and O-6 by branches. In vitro antitumor activity assay proved that LEP-2a could significantly enhance the inhibitory effectiveness of 5-FU on Hela cells at the concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 μg/mL. The above results suggested that LEP-2a could be seen as a potential source for developing novel antineoplastic agents.     

Insights into the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3 over Mn_3O_4(110):a DFT study coupled with microkinetic analysis

Nitric oxide(NO_x), as one of the main pollutants, can contribute to a series of environmental problems, and to date the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x with NH_3 in the presence of excess of O_2 over the catalysts has served as one of the most effective methods, in which Mn-based catalysts have been widely studied owing to their excellent low-temperature activity toward NH3-SCR. However, the related structure-activity relation was not satisfactorily explored at the atomic level. By virtue of DFT+U calculations together with microkinetic analysis, we systemically investigate the selective catalytic reduction process of NO with NH_3 over Mn_3 O_4(110), and identify the crucial thermodynamic and kinetic factors that limit the catalytic activity and selectivity.It is found that NH3 prefers to adsorb on the Lewis acid site and then dehydrogenates into NH_2~* assisted by either the two-or three-fold lattice oxygen; NH_2~* would then react with the gaseous NO to form an important intermediate NH_2 NO that prefers to convert into N_2 O rather than N_2 after the sequential dehydrogenation, while the residual H atoms interact with O_2 and left the surface in the form of H_2 O. The rate-determining step is proposed to be the coupling reaction between NH_2~* and gaseous NO.Regarding the complex surface structure of Mn_3 O_4(110),the main active sites are quantitatively revealed to be O_(3 c) and Mn_(4 c).     

A convenient method to prepare random LA/CL copolymers from poly(L-lactide) and ε-caprolactone

Sequential addition of L-lactide(LA) followed by ε-caprolactone(CL), and simultaneous addition of both monomers, afforded random LA/CL copolymers in the presence of lanthanide aryloxides under mild conditions. Transesterification was proved to play a predominant role in random copolymer formation. Moreover, treatment of poly(L-lactide) with ε-CL led to random copolymer formation, which provides a new strategy not only to prepare random LA/CL copolymers, but also to directly modify PLLA.     

常压低温等离子体有效去除催化CO氧化的金原子团簇的保护剂（英文）

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以在低温、常压下实现对纳米金催化剂中保护基团的有效去除.本文通过对不同保护基团(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和半胱氨酸)保护的金催化剂进行等离子体预处理,发现采用该技术能有效去除载体中的层间阴离子,还可能将金原子与保护基团之间的化学键打断.通过X射线粉末衍射对等离子体处理后的样品和未经处理的样品进行表征,发现经等离子体处理后的样品,载体从水滑石结构变为复合氧化物结构,这说明等离子体处理可将载体中的羟基和羰基除去,从而引起载体结构变化.热重分析结果显示,经等离子体处理后的样品失重量(19%-23%)与未处理样品的失重量(31%)相比差10%左右,这说明采用该方法可以在一定程度上去除纳米金表面保护基团和载体的层间阴离子.用紫外-可见光谱和高角环形暗场像-扫描透射电子显微镜对催化剂中金颗粒的尺寸分布和平均粒径进行分析,发现金颗粒在等离子体处理过后其粒径没有发生严重聚集,平均粒径由未处理时的1.4-1.7 nm轻微长大至2.4-3.7 nm.以含硫醇化合物(半胱氨酸)保护的金原子团簇催化剂为例考察了等离子体不同处理时间的影响,发现随着处理时间从25 min延长至150 min,样品的颜色从浅紫色变为暗紫色.结合XRD和TGA等结果可知,随着处理时间的延长,催化剂中保护基团的去除度逐渐提高.CO氧化反应活性评价结果显示,与未经处理的样品相比,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化反应活性有明显提高,且随预处理时间延长,活性有提高的趋势.动力学测试结果表明,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化的表观活化能低至1.2-2.9 k J/mol,接近于文献中报道的Au/TiO_2催化剂.这说明作为一种催化剂处理方法,介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以有效去除催化剂中的保护剂,且因其处理条件相对温和,可在一定程度上保持金颗粒尺寸的稳定,这对于控制合成负载型小尺寸的金催化剂具有重要意义.     

可见光辐射下富勒烯[60]–氧化铁复合催化剂的制备及光芬顿法降解有机污染物研究（英文）

采用简单的可升级的化学浸渍法,将Fe_2O_3掺杂到富勒烯[60](C_(60))上,制得C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料.采用了粉末X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜、高分辨透射电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱,对其进行了表征.结果发现,XPS数据中,Fe2p_(3/2)和Fe2p_(1/2)的XPS特征峰分别位于结合能710.9和724.1 eV处,对应Fe_2O_3的Fe~(3+).富勒烯颗粒均匀分散在Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒表面,Fe_2O_3纳米颗粒的平均尺寸大约为20–30 nm;Fe_2O_3对于可见光只有微弱的吸收,而制备出的C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合材料对于可见光有较强的吸收响应.本文将C_(60)-Fe_2O_3纳米复合光催化材料用于光催化降解50 mL,20mg/l MB和50 mL,10 mg/L苯酚实验.结果发现,在双氧水存在下和可见光(420 nm)辐射条件下,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3对上述有机污染物均有较好的降解效果.通过测定上述有机物的削减程度,评估了C_(60)-Fe_2O_3催化剂的光催化活性,通过改变实验条件,得到可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系的最佳光催化降解条件:在pH值为3.06~10.34的范围内,投加0.02 g催化剂,5 mol/L双氧水.结果表明,在最佳条件下,亚甲基蓝在80min内脱色率能达到98.9%,矿化率能达到71%.浸出实验的结果表明,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂中的铁浸出量可以忽略不计.经过5次循环使用后,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂仍具有较高的光催化活性.为了进一步验证C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的应用广泛性,本文在可见光/C_(60)-Fe_2O_3/双氧水体系下,开展了降解RhB,MO和苯酚的试验,结果发现,该催化剂它们也具有高的降解效果.机理研究发现,C_(60)-Fe_2O_3复合光催化剂的高效催化能力可归因于C_(60)和Fe_2O_3的协同效应:在可见光辐射下,由于C_(60)具有独特的光敏性特征,能够接收电子并把它们转移到Fe_2O_3的Fe3d轨道,并通过一系列反应,达到Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)循环平衡.利用活性组分捕集实验,对光催化反应过程中的主要活性氧化剂进行了区分.结果表明,羟基自由基在整个过程中发挥了最主要的作用.     

碳模板诱导生长Fe-Nx活性位点

能源危机和环境恶化是当今社会面临的巨大挑战. 燃料电池作为一种高效、清洁的发电装置,受到了社会各界特别是新能源行业的高度关注. 尤其是, 日本丰田推出Mirai燃料电池汽车量产上市计划, 把燃料电池及其关键技术发展推向了一个新的发展纪元. 然而, 制约燃料电池走向大规模商业化的核心问题依然是其综合性能不具竞争力. 其中, 氧电极的缓慢动力学以及贵金属Pt的有限资源、高昂成本等是关键所在, 因此, 亟待实现高性能非贵金属催化剂的突破.近年来, 大量研究表明, Fe-Nx掺杂的碳催化剂具有极大的代Pt潜力, 研究者们尝试各种手段进行开发,如: 调控Fe化合物及N前驱体的类型与添加量, 改变温度、压力等合成条件, 采用轴向配位体连接、共价接枝、球磨等非热解路线, 构建核壳、有序介孔碳、阵列、类石墨烯薄片、多孔碳等碳纳米结构, 制备石墨烯/碳纳米管、石墨烯/碳黑、碳纳米带/碳纳米管、碳纳米颗粒/碳纤维、碳球/碳纳米管/石墨烯等复合材料, 进行酸洗、造孔、二次加热等后处理, 调控不同类型Fe物种相生成等. 此外, EXAFS及M?ssbauer等谱学技术已经证实Fe-Nx特别是Fe-N4为强活性位点. 因此, 有待提出合理策略以促进非贵金属碳催化剂中Fe-Nx强活性位点的高密度掺杂.本文提出了一种碳模板诱导Fe-Nx活性位点生长的方法即通过高温热解含有Fe盐的三聚氰胺前驱体混合物, 成功制备 了Fe-Nx掺杂的碳催化剂, 并结合多种表征技术证实了碳模板对制备碳催化剂结构组成及电化学性能的影响. 形貌结果说明, 碳模板的引入有利于Fe、N化合物的均匀吸附以至于Fe基纳米颗粒的均一成核, 促使竹状碳纳米管在碳模板表面以及中间均一生长; 氮气吸脱附及孔径分布曲线显示, 引入碳模板形成的复合材料较单一的碳纳米管和碳黑材料具有提高的比表面积和总孔体积, 说明复合材料中存在两种单体的有效协同; M?ssbauer、XPS及XRD测试数据证实, 碳模板可以调控Fe、N两种元素的耦合方式, 能够抑制金属Fe和Fe碳化物等非活性Fe物种的生成、诱导Fe-N4和其它Fe氮化物等强活性Fe-Nx物种的生长. 电化学测试数据表明, 复合材料具有提升的面积活性和质量活性, 且TOF值明显提高, 说明碳模板的引入增强了Fe-Nx位点的本征活性; 此外, 复合材料的氧还原过程为高效的4e-途径, 且较商业Pt/C催化剂表现出了优异的循环稳定性和甲醇耐受性.     

Angustifolinoid A,a macrocyclic flavonoid glycoside from Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers

A novel macrocyclic flavonoid glycoside, angustifolinoid A (1), featuring an unprecedented 13-membered heterocyclic ring moiety, along with a known flavonoid glycoside, tiliroside (2), were isolated from Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Biosynthesis analysis indicated that compound 1 might be derived from compound 2 via a key enzymatic intramolecular oxidative coupling. Compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activities against cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2.     

Strong optical nonlinearities of self-assembled polymorphic microstructures of phenylethynyl functionalized fluorenones

The polymorphs of a phenylethynyl functionalized fluorenone derivative, and their controlled self-assembly for microstructures with different morphologies have been studied. These polymorphic microcrystals exhibit very distinctive NLO properties, which are highly correlated to their electronic and supramolecular structures.     

Mechanism of N-to-S acyl transfer of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl) cysteine derivatives and origin of phenol acceleration effect

The mechanism of N-to-S acyl transfer of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl) cysteine derivatives and the origin of acceleration effect of phenol substitutes were investigated by DFT methods.     

核壳结构碳化钨复合微球催化剂对甲醇电催化性能

以偏钨酸铵微球为前驱体,在不同反应时间和CO/CO₂气氛条件下,通过原位还原碳化反应制备了具有核壳结构碳化钨复合微球。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电镜（SEM）等对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征分析。硼氢化钠还原法将平均粒径为4.6 nm的Pt纳米粒子均匀分布在其表面,得到核壳结构碳化钨复合催化剂。采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究了在酸性溶液中催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,与Pt/WC-15 h和JM Pt/C催化剂的电化学性能相比,Pt/WC-6 h催化剂对甲醇呈现出更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性。碳化钨复合微球表面少量WO₂成分的存在有利于甲醇在其表面的电催化氧化过程的发生。