Microalgae separation by inertia-enhanced pinched flow fractionation

To improve the accuracy and efficiency of ships’ ballast water detection, the separation of microalgae according to size is significant. In this article, a method to separate microalgae based on inertia-enhanced pinched flow fractionation (iPFF) was reported. The method utilized the inertial lift force induced by flow to separate microalgae according to size continuously. The experimental results show that, as the Reynolds number increases, the separation effect becomes better at first, but then stays unchanged. The best separation effect can be obtained when the Reynolds number is 12.3. In addition, with the increase of the flow rate ratio between sheath fluid and microalgae mixture, the separation effect becomes better and the best separation effect can be obtained when the flow rate ratio reaches 10. In this case, the recovery rate of Tetraselmis sp. is about 90%, and the purity is about 86%; the recovery rate of Chlorella sp. is as high as 99%, and the purity is about 99%. After that, the separation effect keeps getting better but very slowly. In general, this study provides a simple method for the separation of microalgae with different sizes, and lays a foundation for the accurate detection of microalgae in the ballast water.     

分级纳米材料的结构、制备及其应用

纳米材料因其独特的表面效应、体积效应和量子效应等特点,在化工、生物工程、医学和能源等领域有着广阔的应用。 由简单的低维纳米结构作为主要的构建单元并按照特定的排列方式组装成规整有序的三维结构,即分级纳米结构,已经开展了许多的研究。 本文综述了分级纳米结构的制备方法和微观结构,及其在污水处理、超级电容器、太阳能电池以及光催化等领域的应用。     

Irreversible Amide‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework for Selective and Ultrafast Gold Recovery

Design of stable adsorbents for selective gold recovery with large capacity and fast adsorption kinetics is of great challenge, but significant for the economy and the environment. Herein, we show the design and preparation of an irreversible amide‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) JNU‐1 via a building block exchange strategy for efficient recovery of gold. JNU‐1 was synthesized through the exchange of 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxaldehyde (BA) in mother COF TzBA consisting of 4,4′,4′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)trianiline (Tz) and BA with terephthaloyl chloride. The irreversible amide linked JNU‐1 gave good stability, unprecedented fast kinetics, excellent selectivity and outstanding adsorption capacity for gold recovery. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with thermodynamic study and quantum mechanics calculation reveals that the excellent performance of JNU‐1 for gold recovery results from the formation of hydrogen bonds C(N)?H???Cl and coordinate interaction of O and Au. The rational design of irreversible bonds as both inherent linkage and functional groups in COFs is a promising way to prepare stable COFs for diverse applications.     

CTA在急性复杂性大咯血患者行介入栓塞术前的应用价值分析

本文探讨了CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)在急性复杂性大咯血患者行介入栓塞术前的应用价值。回顾性选择49例急性复杂性大咯血患者CTA影像资料,通过与术中数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)结果进行对比,发现CTA对罪犯血管诊断准确率为89.33%,对多动脉交通吻合诊断准确率为86.96%。Kappa检验CTA与DSA检查结果一致性较高,受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析CTA诊断急性复杂性大咯血罪犯血管的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.947(95%CI:0.903~0.990,P=0.000),灵敏度89.33%,特异度100.00%。通过随访发现CTA指导下行介入栓塞术治疗有效率91.84%,术后1年无大咯血复发病例。     

4.8 nm Concave {M_(72)}(M=Co,Ni,Fe) metal-organic polyhedra capped by 18 calixarenes

Three 4.8 nm isostructural{M₇₂}(M=Co^Ⅱ for CIAC-128,Ni^Ⅱ for CIAC-129,Fe^Ⅱ for CIAC-130) metal-organic polyhedra(MOPs) are constructed by eighteen M₄-p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (M₄-TC4A) units bridged via sixteen four-connected 5,5′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl) diisophthalic acid (H₄TADIPA) linkers.These MOPs are featured with a rarely reported concave coordination cage,which can be simplified as a squeezed double-decker hexagonal prism pressed from the top and bottom hexagonal faces.Furthermore,CIAC-128,CIAC-129 and CIAC-130 are the highest nuclearity discrete clusters of Co,Ni and Fe reported so far.CIAC-128 has higher separation selectivity of C₃H₈ than CH₄ under ambient conditions,and also exhibits separation selectivity for C₂H₆/CH₄,C₂H₂/CH₄,and C₂H₄/CH₄.In addition,CIAC-128 can provide the cavity for the confined synthesis of noble metal nanoclusters such as Pd nanoclusters and the resulting Pd@CIAC-128 hybrids show higher electrocatalytic activity than commercial Pt/C towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).     

类铁基超导材料BaMn2Bi2电输运性质的各向异性

层状过渡金属化合物BaMn2Bi2与“122”型铁基超导材料BaFe2As2具有十分相似的特征,不仅具有相同的四方ThCr2Si2晶体结构,而且都是反铁磁基态.我们采用助溶剂法制备了BaMn2Bi2的高质量大尺寸单晶样品,通过X射线衍射、能谱分析系统、综合物性测量系统表征了该单晶样品的晶体结构、化学成分和电输运性质,并对其电输运性质的各向异性进行了系统的研究.研究发现:零磁场下BaMn2Bi2的面内电阻率和面间电阻率从300 K到100 K随温度下降而下降,表现出坏金属行为;但是100 K以下随温度下降而上升,表现出半导体行为,其激发能约为2.5～3 meV.施加9T磁场后,100 K以上两个方向的磁阻仅为5;左右,而100 K以下两个方向磁阻都逐渐下降,直到1.8K达到-18;左右.无论是否施加磁场,BaMn2Bi2的面内电阻率和面间电阻率都没有表现出明显的各向异性.     

仿生石墨烯复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

石墨烯作为一种理想的新型二维纳米材料,有着独特的理化性能和广泛应用价值,但成本高、产率低、分散性较差是制约其推广应用的关键.为了解决这一问题,现以北方杨树叶为原料,以KMnO4和H2SO4为氧化剂,水热氧化裂化直接得到MnO2仿生石墨烯复合材料(MnO2@BGO).通过XPS、SEM、TEM、XRD等测试手段对材料组成及微观结构进行表征.从SEM、TEM及氮气吸附脱附分析可以看出,通过氧化碳化直接得到的MnO2@BGO复合材料,MnO2分布均匀,比表面积达605 m2/g.此复合材料与未经氧化剂浸渍得到碳材料(BGO)相比,更多的保留了叶片原有的叶脉结构和孔隙,孔径分布较窄,平均孔径为3.7nm.从AMF分析可以看出,MnO2@BGO复合材料类似二维纳米膜,得到的片层厚度最薄＜1.23 nm,最厚≯5.65 nm,平均厚度2.57 nm.XPS分析表明,C存在形式以C=C为主,表明材料石墨化程度较高,属于仿生石墨烯.电化学性能分析表明,在电流密度在1 A/g时,该材料所做电极比电容为387 F/g.     

基于多尺度特征应变均匀化计算HCP多晶体塑性

结合基于位错密度的晶体塑性模型与特征应变均匀化方法来分析HCP晶体结构材料的力学行为,拟开发一种计算模型用于有效捕捉以及预测微观与结构尺度的裂纹产生。首先,与传统的晶体塑性有限元相比,该多尺度模型可以提高计算效率并同时保持微观尺度的捕捉精度。其次,将模型与试验结果的差值为优化目标,在满足物理学定义的条件下得到合理的材料参数。最终,结构尺度的模拟显示该模型可以获取在结构尺度与微观晶粒尺度的潜在裂纹生长区域。     

以研促教：新型荧光探针检测铜离子的研究应用于分析化学拓展实验教学中

将新型荧光探针用于铜离子分析的科研成果转化为本科分析化学拓展实验教学,涵盖了结构分析、定性分析、定量分析等教学内容。通过荧光的“开-关-开”实验让学生直观地理解荧光探针与铜离子之间的配位反应,提升学生的研究兴趣;引导学生以研究者的角色设计和执行新的分析方法的建立程序并将建立的方法应用于实际样品分析中;探究荧光探针与铜离子的络合比;最后将荧光探针技术应用到快速分析领域中,鼓励学生活学活用。