Fermentation of Korean Red Ginseng by Lactobacillus plantarum M-2 and Its Immunological Activities

We investigated ginsenoside transformation by fermentation of red ginseng with Lactobacillus plantarum M-2. We also examined the anti-metastasis and immune-stimulating activities of EtOH extracts of fermented red ginseng (FRG-E) in animal and human subjects. Total sugar decreased from 85.5 mg mL(-1) to 44.1 mg mL(-1) with increasing culture time during the fermentation with L. plantarum M-2. Uronic acid content reached a maximum level (534.3 μg mL(-1)) at 3 days of fermentation and decreased thereafter. Ginsenoside metabolites increased from 4,637.0 to 7,581.1 μg mL(-1) after 4 days. The prophylactic intraperitoneal injection of FRG-E (500 μg mouse(-1)) inhibited lung metastasis about 81.1%, while the inhibitory effect against tumor metastasis by treatment of EtOH extract from non-fermented red ginseng (NFRG-E) was 66.9%. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) levels in the serum of healthy subjects were higher after FRG-E administration than at baseline, whereas NFRG-E induced reductions of these variables related to immunity. At 1 week, the change in IgA level by FRG-E (5.14 mg mL(-1)) was significantly higher than that by NFRG-E (-14.50 mg mL(-1); p < 0.05). It was concluded that the immunological activities of FRG-E were higher than those of NFRG-E, indicating that fermentation helped enhance the immunological activities of red ginseng.     

Rigidity problems in toric topology: A survey

Several rigidity problems in toric topology are addressed in the survey paper by the second and third authors, “Classification Problems of Toric Manifolds via Topology” (in Toric Topology, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2008, pp. 273–286). In the present paper, we survey the results on those problems including recent developments.     

End-to-end azide-bridged manganese(III) chain compounds: field-induced magnetic phase transitions and variation of T(C) to 38 K depending on the side groups of the Schiff bases

Three one-dimensional coordination polymers [Mn(L)(N(3))](n) [L = L1 (1), L2 (2), L3 (3); L1H(2) = N,N'-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diaminopentane, L2H(2) = N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diaminopentane, L3H(2) = N,N'-bis(5-bromosalicylideneiminato)-1,3-diamino-2-dimethylpropane] bridged by end-to-end azides were prepared. The crystal systems differ according to the Schiff bases used. Each Mn atom adopts a typical Jahn-Teller distortion. The helicity of the chains occurs in a racemic manner only for 2. No noncovalent forces are relevant in 2, while π-π contacts are visible in 1 and 3. Magnetic measurements show the presence of apparent spin canting. Complexes 1 and 3 exhibit a field-induced metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a weak ferromagnetic phase, whereas 2 embraces a field-induced two-step magnetic phase transition. The critical temperature is observed at 38 K for 2, which is relatively higher than those for 1 (11 K) and 3 (10 K). The pronounced long-range order may contribute from intrachain exchange couplings and through-space dipolar interactions between adjacent chains.     

Anticancer Activity of 2-O-caffeoyl Alphitolic Acid Extracted from the Lichen,Usnea barbata 2017-KL-10

Colorectal cancer is one of the life-threatening ailments causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the innovation in medical genetics, the prognosis for metastatic colorectal cancer in patients remains unsatisfactory. Recently, lichens have attracted the attention of researchers in the search for targets to fight against cancer. Lichens are considered mines of thousands of metabolites. Researchers have reported that lichen-derived metabolites demonstrated biological effects, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic, on various cell lines. However, the exploration of the biological activities of lichens’ metabolites is limited. Thus, the main objective of our study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of secondary metabolites isolated from lichen (Usnea barbata 2017-KL-10) on the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116. In this study, 2OCAA exhibited concentration-dependent anticancer activities by suppressing antiapoptotic genes, such as MCL-1, and inducing apoptotic genes, such as BAX, TP53, and CDKN1A(p21). Moreover, 2OCAA inhibited the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that 2OCAA is a better therapeutic candidate for colorectal cancer.     

A New Reversible Colorimetric Chemosensor Based on Julolidine Moiety for Detecting F−

Journal of Fluorescence - We synthesized an original reversible colorimetric chemosensor PDJ...     

Zur Theorie der Gammafunction

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vergl. meine Abhandlung:Om en ny klass af transcendenta functioner, hvilka ?ro n?ra besl?gtade med gammafunktionen, Acta soc. scient. Fennic?, Tom. XIV, XV; 1885, 1886.     

Two organometallic fragments inclusioned in a 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene tetraphosphane: evidence for transition metal-arene interaction through the cavity

The preparation of an 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene tetraphosphane ligand, 25,26,27,28-tetrakis{2-(diphenylphosphino)ethoxy}calix[4]arene (4), is described. Ligand 4 is obtained in four steps in 17% overall yield. Reaction of 4 with AgBF4 produced the encapsulated two silver complex [Ag2{(P,P,P,P)-tetraphencalix[4]arene}](BF4)2. The solid-state structure shows that the encapsulated silver undergoes a substantial pi-interaction by two opposite arene rings. Rhodation of 4 employing [Rh(cot)2]BF4 yielded the encapsulated complex with a bent coordination mode. Two organometallic fragments inclusioned inside a 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene tetraphosphane was also achieved by the reaction of 4 with [PtH(PPh3)2 (thf)]+. Full characterization includes X-ray structural studies of compounds 4-6.