Carboxylic acid–pyridine supramolecular heterocatemer in a co-crystal

Robustness of carboxylic acid–pyridine supramolecular heterosynthon was examined in three 1:2 binary co-crystals of 4,4′-bipyridine with monocarboxylic acids, (4,4′-bipyridine)·(dl-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)₂, 1; (4,4′-bipyridine)_0.5·(4-bromonaphthalene-1-carboxylic acid), 2 and (4,4′-bipyridine)_0.5·(4-methylbenzoic acid), 3. All the three co-crystals form “two-component supermolecules” (consisting of one molecule of 4,4′-bipyridine and two molecules of the relevant carboxylic acid) stabilized through carboxylic acid–pyridine heterosynthons. Co-crystals 1 and 2 exhibits the expected carboxylic acid–pyridine dimer (heterodimer I) whereas co-crystal 3 forms a novel carboxylic acid–pyridine catemer (heterocatemer II).     

The effects of thermal treatment of ZnO–ZnCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> catalyst on the particle size and product selectivity in dehydrocyclization of crude glycerol and ethylenediamine

The ZnO–ZnCr₂O₄ (Zn–Cr–O) sample obtained by decomposition of Zn-Cr hydrotalcite precursor was subjected to the thermal treatment at different temperatures and the physico-chemical properties of the Zn–Cr–O system were compared with its catalytic behavior in dehydrocyclization of crude glycerol and ethylenediamine (EDA). Upon high temperature treatment of Zn–Cr–O the Cr⁶⁺ ions underwent autoreduction to form stable Cr³⁺ species and the particle size of both ZnO and ZnCr₂O₄ increased dramatically. Thermal effect did not influence the intermolecular cyclisation of EDA to form pyrazine. By contrast, an inversely proportional dependence was found between the rate of formation of 2-methylpyrazine and the particle size of Zn–Cr–O whereas the rate of 2-pyrazinylmethanol was directly proportional to the particle size.     

N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(N-((1-aryl/alkyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-4-methyl benzenesulfonamide): Synthesis,antibacterial, antioxidant,and DNA-cleavage activities

Thirteen novel bis-1,2,3-triazole derivatives were synthesized under copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(4-methyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide) with different aryl azides and evaluated their biological activity. All the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, infrared, and elemental analysis and mass spectral studies. The synthesized bis-1,2,3-triazoles were evaluated for their antioxidant activity, and some of them were found to exhibit good to excellent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀: 11.13 ± 1.5 to 98.98 ± 1.7 μM) in comparison with standard references, Trolox (11.73 ± 1.5 μM) and ascorbic acid (3.34 ± 1.8 μM). The bistriazoles also exhibited excellent-to-moderate anti-bacterial activity (MIC: 2.253 to 75 µg mL^?1 against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared with streptomycin. N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(N-((1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-4-methyl benzenesulfonamide) has completely cleaved the DNA at a concentration of 100 mg mL^?1, and the remaining compounds have partially cleaved the DNA.     

Effect of three-phase contact line topology on dynamic contact angles on heterogeneous surfaces

Cassie-Baxter theory has traditionally been used to study liquid drops in contact with microstructured surfaces. The Cassie-Baxter theory arises from a minimization of the global Gibbs free energy of the system but does not account for the topology of the three-phase contact line. We experimentally compare two situations differing only in the microstructure of the roughness, which causes differences in contact line topology. We report that the contact angle is independent of area void fraction for surfaces with microcavities, which correspond to situations when the advancing contact line is continuous. This result is in contrast with Cassie-Baxter theory, which uses area void fraction as the determining parameter, regardless of the type of roughness.     

Using first principles calculations to identify new destabilized metal hydride reactions for reversible hydrogen storage

Hydrides of period 2 and 3 elements are promising candidates for hydrogen storage, but typically have heats of reaction that are too high to be of use for fuel cell vehicles. Recent experimental work has focused on destabilizing metal hydrides through mixing metal hydrides with other compounds. A very large number of possible destabilized metal hydride reaction schemes exist, but the thermodynamic data required to assess the enthalpies of these reactions are not available in many cases. We have used density functional theory calculations to predict the reaction enthalpies for more than 300 destabilization reactions that have not previously been reported. The large majority of these reactions are predicted not to be useful for reversible hydrogen storage, having calculated reaction enthalpies that are either too high or too low, and hence these reactions need not be investigated experimentally. Our calculations also identify multiple promising reactions that have large enough hydrogen storage capacities to be useful in practical applications and have reaction thermodynamics that appear to be suitable for use in fuel cell vehicles and are therefore promising candidates for experimental work.     

A mild and efficient one-pot synthesis of \upbeta -amino carbonyl compounds via Mannich reaction under ambient temperature condition

We have developed an efficient protocol for the synthesis of $\upbeta $ -amino carbonyl compounds using phenylboronic acid as effective and eco-friendly catalyst via one-pot three-component Mannich reaction. Excellent yields, mild reaction condition, and simple experimental work-up procedure are some of the advantages of this method, which makes it a useful protocol for the synthesis of $\upbeta $ -amino carbonyl compounds.     

Efficient dehydrative C-N bond formation using alcohols and amides in the presence of silica supported perchloric acid as a heterogeneous catalyst

Silica supported perchloric acid has been utilized as an efficient heterogeneous recyclable catalyst for N-alkylation of amides (sulfonamides and carboxamides) using alcohols (primary and secondary aliphatic as well as benzylic). The products are formed in high yields within 2-3 h.     

Fluorescent uranyl ion lidded cucurbit[5]uril capsule

A novel fluorescent complex {(UO(2))(2)(CB5)}(NO(3))(4)·4HNO(3).3H(2)O (U2CB5) is obtained from cucurbit[5]uril (CB5) and uranyl nitrate under ambient temperature conditions. The crystal structure revealed that two uranyl ions are coordinated to the two open portals of CB5 giving a closed molecular capsule, which further connected through CB5 molecules to give two-dimensional frameworks. The U2CB5 complex was further investigated by NMR, FTIR and TGA techniques. The Fluorescence of uranyl ion was found to be enhanced due to complexation with cucurbituril.