CONDENSING HEAT TRANSFER IN VERTICAL CYCLONE

The heat transfer coefficient for condensation of steam has been determined experimentally for a cyclone surface. Ambient air is used as the coolant and the outer surface is maintained in a free-convection condition. A twofold increase in heat transfer coefficient is observed over a cyclone surface in comparison with a vertical tube.     

Toward low‐noise synthetic turbulent inflow conditions for aeroacoustic calculations

The accuracy of boundary conditions for computational aeroacoustics is a well‐known challenge, due in part to the necessity of truncating the flow domain and replacing the analytical boundary conditions at infinity with numerical boundary conditions. In particular, the inflow boundary condition involving turbulent velocity or scalar fields is likely to introduce spurious waves into the domain, therefore degrading the flow behavior and deteriorating the physical acoustic waves. In this work, a method to generate low‐noise, divergence‐free, synthetic turbulence for inflow boundary conditions is proposed. It relies on the classical view of turbulence as a superposition of random eddies convected with the mean flow. Within the proposed model, the vector potential and the requirement that the individual eddies must satisfy the linearized momentum equations about the mean flow are used. The model is tested using isolated eddies convected through the inflow boundary and an experimental benchmark data for spatially decaying isotropic turbulence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved preparation of mesoporous silica‐supported Pd as sustainable catalysts for phosphine‐free Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck coupling reactions

An improved and eco‐friendly procedure has been developed to generate mesoporous silica‐supported palladium nanoparticles (SiO₂@PdNP) that could be used as a sustainable heterogeneous Pd catalyst for phosphine‐free Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck coupling reactions with excellent turnover number and turnover frequency. The presence of Pd on the silica surface was detected by X‐ray diffraction and the structural morphology of SiO₂@PdNP was obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The heterogeneous catalytic system is recyclable and leaching of the metal after the reaction is not apparently observed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sequential [2+2] Photocycloaddition and Rearrangement to Substituted Cyclopentanone. A formal Synthesis of Planococcyl Acetate

An extremely short synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl cyclopentanone 2 (R¹ = R² = Me), an advanced intermediate in the synthesis of the pheromone planococcyl acetate 3, is described.     

Metabolic profile of glyburide in human liver microsomes using LC‐DAD‐Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS

The sulfonylurea urea drug glyburide (glibenclamide) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes milletus and gestational diabetes. In previous studies monohydroxylated metabolites were identified and characterized for glyburide in different species, but the metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring was identified only in mouse. Glyburide upon incubation with hepatic microsomes resulted in 10 metabolites for human. The current study identifies new metabolites of glyburide along with the hydroxylated metabolites that were reported earlier. The newly identified drug metabolites are dihydroxylated metabolites, a metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring and one owing to hydroxylation with dehydrogenation. Among the 10 identified metabolites, there were six monohydroxylated metabolites, one dihydroxylated metabolite, two metabolites owing to hydroxylation and dehydrogenation, and one metabolite owing to the loss of cyclohexyl ring. New metabolites of glyburide were identified and characterized using liquid chromatography–diode array detector–quadruple‐ion trap–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‐DAD‐Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS). An enhanced mass scan–enhanced product ion scan with information‐dependent acquisition mode in a Q‐TRAP‐MS/MS system was used to characterize the metabolites. Liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used as a complimentary technique to confirm and identify the metabolites. Metabolites formed in higher amounts were detected in both diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the effects of bath composition and ultrasound on structure and properties of Cu thin films

Copper thin films were prepared by sono-electrodeposition method at different acid concentrations in the electrolyte. A potential of ?450 mV (100 mV negative than the Nernst potential) was selected for the deposition procedure for all the conditions. The thickness of films was found to be in the range of 100–600 nm. Electrochemical analysis was performed by chronoamperometry. Films were characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM, and study of the mechanical properties was done by nanoindentation.     

Predicting the diffusion of information to mass audiences†

This paper considers the statistical inference of structural properties in organizations. Specifically, the sampling probability distributions of the number of links and the cumulative distribution of the number of components are determined. Probability estimates of both the number of links and the number of components are then found.     

Identification of Amino Acids with Modified Ninhydrin Reagents on Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The four new spray reagents (Benzoic acid and some of its parahaloderivatives) have been introduced. These reagents enable...     

A Simple and New Synthetic Method for the Preparation of 2-Pheynl-6-substituted Quinolines

2-Phenylquinoline derivatives have been synthesized through the thermolysis of suitable enaminoimine hydrochiorides.