Extraction of actinides and fission products by octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethyl-phosphine oxide from nitric acid media

Extraction of promethium(III), uranium(VI), plutonium(IV), americium(III), zirconium(IV), ruthenium(III), iron(III) and palladium(II) has been carried out with a mixture of octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) in dodecane. The effects of nitric acid, TBP and CMPO concentrations on the extraction of these metal ions have been studied. The nature of the species of the above metal ions extracted into the organic phase has been suggested.     

Infrared spectra of KNaSO4 and K3Na(SO4)2

The infrared spectra, transmittance and polarized reflectance, of KNaSO₄ and K₃Na(SO₄)₂ are reported. Group theoretical analysis was carried out and a vibrational assignment proposed on basis of C_3v and D_3d symmetries. Factor group and site effects are discussed.     

Synergistic extraction and spectrophotometric determination of plutonium(VI)

A rapid method for the synergistic extraction and spectrophotometric determination of plutonium(VI) in milligram amounts using a mixture of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) in benzene has been developed. Quantitative extraction is obtained from aqueous solutions of pH=2 affording separation from many commonly occurring impurities, viz., thorium, fission products and cladding materials. The precision and accuracy of the method has been found to be∼1%. The study of the solid product isolated from the extraction system indicates the stoichiometry of the extracted species as PuO₂(TTA)₂ TBP.     

Studies on plutonium(IV) hydroxosuccinate

The precipitation behaviour of basic plutonium(IV) compounds from dilute nitric acid medium with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids has been investigated. Unlike plutonium(IV) oxalate, which is precipitated in acid medium (1–4M), the higher dicarboxylates precipitate in 0.9–2.5 pH range and their elemental analysis indicate Pu/dicarboxylate ratio of 11. The mode of formation, composition, solubility and thermal degradation behaviour for plutonium(IV) hydroxosuccinate has been studied. The hydroxy group determination by kinetic titration using fluoride complexing revealed that the compound has a Pu:OH ratio of 11 and determination of bridging oxygen group gave a Pu:O ratio of 10.5 suggest its formation as hydroxysuccinate having an oxobridged formula.     

Infrared spectra of Cs3CoCl5

The infrared spectra, transmittance, and polarized reflectance of Cs₃CoCl₅ are reported. The group theoretical analysis was executed and a vibrational assignment proposed on the basis of D_4h symmetry. Factor group and site effects are discussed.     

Optimization of inoculum to substrate ratio for enhanced methane yield from leather fleshings in a batch study

One of the most significant issues of the last few decades has been tracing for renewable energy sources. Animal fleshing (ANFL) is the most common proteinaceous solid waste accured during the production of leather and it must be disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner. This paper is attempts to assess the biogas production from solid waste originating from the chrome based tannery. Anaerobic digestion of these wastes will be a viable option for waste stabilization and energy production in the form of biogas to be utilized in the industry. The bio-methane potential of the wastes were examined by mixing these wastes with various sources of inoculum and different inoculum to substrate (I/S) ratio considered. The batch experiments were carried out in 2.5 l glass reactors with a various source of inoculumviz., Cow Dung (CD), Elephant Dung (ED) and Bio-Digested Slurry (BDS) with varied inoculum to substrate (LFs) ratios for a retention time of 50 days with replications. The results obtained from the experiments showed that BDS:LF (25:75) had the highest gas production of 14505 ml (651.85 ml CH₄g^?1 VS) followed by CD:LF (50:50) produced 12072.5 ml (789.36 ml CH₄g^?1 VS) and ED:LF (75:25) produced 11252.5 ml (1492.08 ml CH₄g^?1 VS)with a methane content of 63.77, 61.92 and 62.72%, respectively.