原位透射电镜研究正交相五氧化二铌纳米片的电化学储钠机制

由于正交相五氧化二铌(T-Nb₂O₅)为ReO₃型层状结构,锂、钠离子可以在其(001)平面快速脱嵌,而在[001]方向的传输一般较难。本研究通过原位透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)方法研究钠在T-Nb₂O₅纳米片(001)面内及[001]方向的钠离子电化学嵌入行为,发现由于纳米片晶体存在大量的位错和畴界,钠离子可通过这些缺陷穿越(001)面扩散,并进而在深层的(001)面内快速扩散。同时,本研究还发现刚合成的T-Nb₂O₅纳米片在[001]方向上存在调制结构,存在交替分布的压应变和张应变区域,而钠离子的嵌入可以调节这些应变分布。     

Heterostructured composite of NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Ti4O7 for oxygen evolution reaction

Developing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst based on earth-abundant materials holds great promise for ascertaining water-splitting to surmount its deprived kinetics. In this regard, NiFe-LDH (layered double hydroxide) receives considerable attention owing to their layered structure. However, they still suffer from poor electronic conductivity and structural stability. We combined NiFe-LDH nanosheets with Magnéli phase Ti₄O₇ into a heterostructured composite. A series of analyses reveal that decorating Ti₄O₇ facilitates charge transfer to enhance the conductivity of NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇. During electrochemical measurement, Ni²⁺ is transformed to metastable Ni³⁺ (Ni (OH)→ NiOOH) before the OER onset potential. Thus, the presence of Ni³⁺ as the main active sites could improve the chemisorption of OH^? to facilitate OER. As a result, the NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ catalyst delivers as low as onset potential (1.43 V). Combining the holey structure (NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇) and the defect engineering generated on NiFe-LDH-Ti₄O₇ as a synergistic effect improves the OER performance. The inclusion of Ti₄O₇ in the composite leads to more vacancy sites, as evidenced by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. The obtained defective structure with a low coordination environment would improve the electronic conductivity and facilitate the adsorption process of H₂O onto metal cations, thereby increasing the intrinsic catalytic activity of NiOOH. The strong coupling of NiFe-LDH and Ti₄O₇ also increases the stability, and the heterostructured composite helps maintain the structural robustness of the LDH.     

Non-Lithography Hydrodynamic Printing of Micro/Nanostructures on Curved Surfaces

A key issue of micro/nano devices is how to integrate micro/nanostructures with specified chemical components onto various curved surfaces. Hydrodynamic printing of micro/nanostructures on three-dimensional curved surfaces is achieved with a strategy that combines template-induced hydrodynamic printing and self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs). Non-lithography flexible wall-shaped templates are replicated with microscale features by dicing a trench-shaped silicon wafer. Arising from the capillary pumped function between the template and curved substrates, NPs in the colloidal suspension self-assemble into close-packed micro/nanostructures without a gravity effect. Theoretical analysis with the lattice Boltzmann model reveals the fundamental principles of the hydrodynamic assembly process. Spiral linear structures achieved by two kinds of fluorescent NPs show non-interfering photoluminescence properties, while the waveguide and photoluminescence are confirmed in 3D curved space. The printed multiconstituent micro/nanostructures with single-NP resolution may serve as a general platform for optoelectronics beyond flat surfaces.     

ZnCr2O4/ZSM-5@Silicalite-1优化CO2一步法加氢制芳烃反应选择性

本研究采用外延生长方法制备出核壳结构分子筛ZSM-5@Silicalite-1。相关表征结果显示,惰性Silicalite-1壳层均匀包覆在ZSM-5的外表面,调控了分子筛酸性质,特别是降低了外表面酸性,有利于改善芳烃分布。将ZSM-5@Silicalite-1与Zn-Cr氧化物耦合应用于二氧化碳加氢制芳烃的反应,轻质芳烃(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)在总芳烃中的占比从 ZnCr₂O₄/ZSM-5耦合体系的14.8%显著提高到33.5%。此外,Silicalite-1壳层的疏水性还可有效抑制逆水煤气变换副反应,降低CO的选择性。在优化的壳层厚度下,ZnCr₂O₄/ZSM-5@Silicalite-1耦合体系的芳烃时空收率较ZnCr₂O₄/ZSM-5体系提高了22%。     

N-苯基-1,7-二硒杂-4-氮杂[7]二茂铁环蕃的合成、晶体结构及其光电性质研究

合成了N-苯基-1,7-二硒杂-4-氮杂-[7]二茂铁环蕃(1),并用核磁、质谱、单晶X-射线衍射进行了表征。晶体结构测试结果表明1是属于正交晶系的Ibca空间群,晶胞参数a=0.954 74(2)nm,b=0.959 58(2)nm,c=7.859 0(2)nm,其中晶胞参数c值很长,这种现象在N-Se杂大环中很少见。光谱研究显示1仅对Hg2+和Cu2+的加入产生响应,表现为紫外最大吸收峰的红移和荧光淬灭。     

金标记羟胺放大化学发光检测赭曲霉毒素A

以羧基磁性微球为分离载体,连接氨基捕获探针和适配体,加入生物素化报告序列和赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)竞争结合适体,继续加入链霉亲和素纳米金和羟胺/Au~(3+)以显著提高化学发光检测OTA的灵敏度,从而建立了一种纳米金标记羟胺放大化学发光检测OTA的高灵敏度方法。优化了羧基磁性微球、氨基捕获探针、适配体、生物素化报告序列、链霉亲和素纳米金的用量。优化条件下,在OTA质量浓度0.01~50 ng/m L范围内,化学发光信号值与OTA浓度的对数呈较好的线性关系(r~2=0.992 5),检出限为1.58×10~(-3)ng/mL。对啤酒样品进行OTA加标回收实验,回收率为97.4%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~5.5%。     

高分散Ru/FeOx催化剂在二氧化碳选择加氢反应中的应用及其催化活性的调控

由于化石能源的大量开采和利用造成CO2过度排放,从而导致严重的温室效应和气候环境问题,给人类生存带来极大威胁.CO2选择加氢反应可以将CO2催化加氢生成高附加值的CO产物.与其他的CO2转化反应策略相比,该过程中H2的消耗更少,成为可有效处理及转化CO2的手段之一.同时,应尽可能抑制CO2深度加氢以及甲烷的产生,研制及设计具有高CO选择性的新型高效催化剂及其构效关系的分析仍十分重要.据报道,负载型贵金属基催化剂的使用有利于H2分子的活化,具有优异的催化活性,因而广泛应用于多种催化反应中.然而,贵金属催化剂实现工业应用的最大挑战是资源的限制及其高额的成本.近年来,由贵金属制备的负载型亚纳米团簇受到广泛关注,主要包括如Au,Pt,Pd,Ru等贵金属,可有效应用于多相催化反应.人们还致力于提高负载型亚纳米团簇的分散度,促进催化剂活性位点的有效暴露,有利于大幅度提高催化剂的有效利用率.本文采用共沉淀法成功制备了超高分散的负载型Ru基催化剂,通过CO2选择加氢-程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和质谱联用技术测试了催化剂性能,发现CO2加氢反应生成CO选择性达100%.采用XRD,BET和TEM等方法对催化剂结构进行表征,并结合H2-TPR,H2-TPD和XPS等表征结果深入探讨了催化剂构效关系,并提出了针对该催化剂体系较为合理的反应模型.在CO2选择加氢反应的催化性能测试中,2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂对目标产物CO选择性仅为41%; 随着Ru负载量降低至0.25%和0.1%时,CO选择性明显提高至80%; 当进一步降低Ru含量至0.01%时,CO选择性接近100%,且表现出优异的反应速率.在360 oC时,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂的相对反应速率为7.71 molCO2molRu-1 min-1,是2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对反应速率的154倍.H2-TPR结果表明,贵金属Ru可以明显促进载体FeOx的还原,并产生丰富的氧空位,进而促进CO2的吸附、活化.而且CO2选择加氢TPSR结果显示,目标产物CO的起始生成温度总是滞后于原料H2的初始活化温度,与H2-TPR结果及文献报道的CO2选择加氢反应机理一致.通过H2-TPD深入理解H2在催化剂表面的活化和氢溢流现象,以及Hads与不同催化剂之间的相互作用力,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对较高的H2脱附峰温度表明,该样品中Ru与Hads具有极强的相互作用力,相对抑制了Hads与COads深入加氢生成CH4,从而提高了CO选择性,而2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂的情况则与此相反.本文提出了从Hads吸附作用力强弱来考虑CO2选择加氢反应选择性的新思路,同时为设计CO2选择加氢制高附加值CO的高催化反应速率、高CO选择性的高分散Ru基催化剂提供了一种经济简易的催化剂设计思路.     

Red-emitting salicylaldehyde Schiff base with AIE behaviour and large Stokes shift

Three salicylaldehyde Schiff base (SSB) with AIE behavior were designed and facilely synthesized through a condensation reaction. In solid and aggregation states, these SSB dyes exhibited yellow to red emission with large Stokes shift. One of SSB dyes could specifically stain lipid droplets in living cells.     

4-二甲氨基黄酮衍生物的合成及其活性评价

设计合成了10个4-二甲氨基黄酮衍生物,产物结构均经1H NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确认.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测试了化合物对HepG2(人肝癌细胞)的抑制作用,结果表明目标化合物在30μmol/L浓度下对HepG2细胞损伤均有一定的抑制作用,大部分化合物优于对照药物槲皮素,其中化合物5c,5e,5f和5j活性最强,抑制率分别为91.0%,90.1%,95.7%和92.1%,而且化合物5f在10μmol/L浓度下对HepG2的抑制率为93.1%,具有深入研究的价值.     

4-氨基丁醇的高效合成方法

以2, 3-二氢呋喃为原料,先用酸性水溶液处理,得到的粗品再直接与盐酸羟胺发生反应,得到4-羟基丁基肟,再与还原试剂发生还原反应,最终高效得到4-氨基丁醇产品。此合成方法步骤短且易操作,产率高,可用于大量生产。