深圳城市气溶胶物理光学特性的观测研究

气溶腔是影响气候变化和空气污染的重要因子,在深圳地区展开气溶胶观测实验,可以获得可靠的光学物理特征,进而有助于准确评估气溶胶在新型超极城市区域的气像和环境效应,本文利用2010年12月至2011年8月太阳光度计、黑碳和浊度计等气溶胶观测资料,分析了新型超级城市深圳地区的气溶胶物理光学特性,深圳地区气溶胶呈明显季节变化,冬、春季由于城市污染性气溶胶的影响,气溶胶光学厚度和Angstrom波长指数都较大,夏季受海盐气溶胶的影响,光学厚度较小Angstrom波长指数也较小,光学厚度与Angstrom波长指数对比表明城市综合性污染是引起深圳气溶胶高光学厚度的主要原因,深圳地区气溶胶的散射系数、吸收系数的平均值(标准偏差)分别为178.7×10-6 m-1 (126.6×10-6m-1和32.5×1O-6m 1 (18.1×10-6m1),均低于珠三角腹地多年观测平均值的二分之一和国内其他大型城市观测值,而单次散射反照率为0.81,与珠三角其他地区得到的结果接近.此外,气溶胶吸收、散射和单次散射反照率呈明显日变化,可能主要受大气边界层变化的影响.     

Structural and electronic properties of cobalt carbide Co2C and its surface stability: Density functional theory study

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of bulk Co₂C and the stability of low index Co₂C surfaces. We found that the formation of Co₂C is exothermic with the formation energy of ? 0.81 eV/Co₂C with respect to Co under the presence of syngas (mixture of CO and H₂). While formed Co₂C can be decomposed further to metal Co and graphite carbon with modest energy gain of 0.37 eV/Co₂C. This suggests that Co₂C is only metastable in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, which agrees well with experimental findings. The density of states (DOSs) reveals that the Co₂C is paramagnetic and strong metallic-like. The difference of charge density analysis indicates that the bond of Co₂C is of the mixtures of metallic, covalent, and ionic properties. A variety of low index Co₂C surfaces with different terminations are studied. We find that the surface energy of low index stoichiometric Co₂C highly relies on the surface area, the number of coordination of surface atoms and the surface dipole, with the decreased stability order of (101) > (011) > (010) > (110) > (100) > (001) = (111). Our results indicate that under Co-poor condition, the formation of non ? stoichiometric surface (011) and (111) without terminated cobalt is energetically more favorable, while under Co-rich condition the formation of non ? stoichiometric (111) surface with cobalt overlayer are preferential.     

An effective method for evaluating the image-sticking effect of TFT-LCDs by interpretative modelling of optical measurements

The conventional method of evaluating the image-sticking effect of a LCD module is inspection by sight, because the residual optical difference between two stressing areas is small and viewing angle-dependent, so that it is difficult to obtain a significant optical difference value by instrumental measurement. We propose an effective method for evaluating the image-sticking effect of a TFT-LCD module by directly measuring its time evolution of transmission with the TFT glass turned off after a period of pattern stress. In this way, the liquid crystal system under charge equilibrium in constant-charge mode shows a dramatically amplified optical difference. Further, we interpret the measured results by a modelling that combines the calculation of liquid crystal director orientation and ionic charge distribution. It is supposed that there are four time constants that dominate the overall sticking phenomenon and belong to four transient processes: adsorption of ions, desorption of free ions, desorption of stuck ions, and TFT leakage. The modelling shows good accordance between measured and simulated results when fitting parameters are properly chosen.     

A modular approach to the synthesis of 1,4,5-substituted-2-aminoimidazoles

Diversified 1,4,5-substituted-2-aminoimidazoles were rapidly assembled via sequential N–H insertion and Grignard addition to α-diazoesters. Lead compounds were identified as antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria with an MIC value as low as 2 μg/mL.     

Sorption equilibria of CO2 on silica-gels in the presence of water

The sorption equilibria of carbon dioxide on three types of silica gel (SG) with different pore size distributions in the presence of water were studied experimentally using a volumetric method at 275?K with pressures from 0 to 3.7?MPa. Both the pore size distribution of the silica gel and the quantity of pre-sorbed water impact the formation of the CO₂ hydrates. For wet silicon gel A(SG-A) with water loading ratio of 0.75, the highest CO₂ sorption was about 2.5?mmol of CO₂ per gram of dry sorbent at 275?K. Similarly, the highest sorption was about 2.7?mmol for wet SG-B with R _w =0.81. However, CO₂ hydrate did not form on the wet surface of SG-C due to its large pore sizes.     

北京自由电子激光最近进展──实现饱和振荡

北京自由电子激光(BFEL)装置于1993年底在10.68μm处实现了饱和振荡.输出激光能量为3mJ,饱和平顶宽度2μs.对应饱和振荡平均功率为210kW(宏脉冲),峰值功率约为20MW,比自发辐射高8个量级,单程小讯号净增益为24%,转换效率为0.45%,与理论预期结果相符.光束质量接近衍射极限.目前装置可工作于9-11μm.     

石油醚在流体静高压下的超声声速、衰减、密度和绝热压缩系数

 专门设计了用脉冲-回波-重合法在不同静水压下测量液体声速的装置，并对石油醚在0.1~650 MPa流体静压力范围内测量了其超声声速和衰减系数。还通过测量体积压缩量和质量得到石油醚密度ρ随流体静压力的变化。最后，给出了石油醚的绝热压缩系数β与流体静压力的关系。     

Luminescence and energy transfer in Y2O3 CO-doped with Bi3+ and Eu3+

The emission spectra and decay times of the Y₂O₃ CO-doped with Bi³⁺ and Eu³⁺ have been investigated using site-selective excitation and time-resolved spectroscopy in the temperature range 8–296 K. Evidence for an energy transfer from Eu³⁺(S₆) to Eu³⁺(C₂) is given. The critical transfer distance R₀ = 8.6 Å was found from the decay curve.     

二价铕激活的Ba1-xCaxFCl体系及其发光

本文研究了Ba1-xCaxFCl:Eu体系及其发光。从差热分析相图和X射线衍射分析发现在Ba1-xCaxFCl体系中存在着Ba0.5Ca0.5FCl这个物相。Ba1-xCaxFCl:Eu体系在X射线激发下的发光包含一个3630Å的锐峰和一宽带发射峰,其峰值由BaFCl:Eu的3868Å到CaFCl:Eu的4640Å,阴极射线和紫外线激发下的发射光谱与此类似。在X射线激发下,Ba0.8Ca0.2FCl:Eu的发光最强,而在阴极射线激发下,CaFCl:Eu的发光强度最大,在紫外线激发下,Ba1-xCaxFCl:Eu的发光强度校弱。在以上三种激发情况下,Ba0.5Ca0.5FCl:Eu的发光都比较弱。     

Mo掺杂4H-SiC的磁性和光学性能的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论（DFT）的广义梯度近似（GGA）的平面波赝势法（PBE）,计算了4H-SiC的本征体系、过渡金属元素Mo单掺杂4H-SiC体系的电子结构、磁性和光学特性。结果表明：Mo掺杂将导致4H-SiC由本征非磁性变为p型磁性半导体材料,其带隙值由2.88 eV 变为0.55 eV。当Mo掺杂浓度为1.359×1021 cm-3时,磁矩为0.98 ,这表明掺Mo后的4H-SiC材料可以作为自旋电子元器件的备选材料。此外,Mo掺杂4H-SiC体系在（100）和（001）方向的静态介电常数分别为3.780和3.969。介质函数虚部不为0的起始点发生红移,表明掺杂使电子更容易跃迁。