Supercritical hydrothermal degradation of hazardous organic wastes with a view to utilizing the potential energy of gaseous products

The method of supercritical hydrothermal degradation was applied to neutralize hazardous organic-containing substances and persistent organic pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, wastewater, and agro-industrial waste) in the autothermal and allothermic modes. It has been established that the realizable modes of supercritical hydrothermal oxidation and pyrolysis provide a degree of decomposition of the investigated organic-containing waste not less than 99.5%, accompanied by the formation of a high-enthalpy steam?gas mixture or combustible gases. The possibility of utilization of the potential energy of gaseous reaction products on a specially designed experimental setup with a multi-tubular spiral-type reactor, which is a part of an autonomous energy complex for generating heat and electric power, is examined.     

Method for taking into account gravity in free-surface flow simulation

A numerical algorithm that correctly takes into account the force of gravity in the presence of density discontinuities is constructed using unstructured collocated grids and splitting algorithms based on SIMPLE-type methods. A correct hydrostatic pressure field is obtained by explicitly extracting the gravity force contribution to the pressure equation and computing it using the solution of the gravity equilibrium problem for a two-phase medium. To ensure that the force of gravity is balanced by the pressure gradient in the case of a medium at rest, an algorithm is proposed according to which the pressure gradient in the equations of motion is replaced by a modification allowing for the force of gravity. Well-known free-surface problems are used to show that, in contrast to previously known algorithms, the proposed ones on unstructured meshes correctly predict hydrostatic pressure fields and do not yield velocity oscillations or free-surface distortions.     

Investigation of aromatic heterocycles

The results of an analysis of the UV and IR spectra confirm the previously drawn conclusion regarding the aromatic character of 1,2,5-oxadiazole derivatives. The spectral properties of naphth-1,2,5-oxadiazole and phenanthrene are similar; saturation of the double bond between the 4- and 5-carbon atoms of the naphthalene ring disrupts conjugation with the heterocyclic fragment. The introduction of a sulfo group into the 5-position does not substantially change the frequencies and distribution of the IR absorption bands. A difference in the effect of hydroxyl groups in the 7- or 8-positions is revealed. The spectral effects that accompany transition from arene-1,2,5-oxadiazoles to their N-oxides are analyzed.See [1] for communication XIV.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1036–1042, August, 1971.