Anisotropic and isotropic phases of polymer melts

The melting mechanism of polymer crystals is proposed. It is assumed that the melting happens due to forming supervacancies. This mechanism leads the appearance of anisotropic phase of a melt. It is shown that two phases—anisotropic and isotropic—can exist in polymer melts.     

Statistical Theory of the Phonon Drag Force Acting on a Conduction Electron

Within the framework of microscopic fluctuation-dissipation theory, we obtain the stochastic equation describing the Brownian motion of an electron in the phonon field of the crystal lattice. An expression for the Green’s function of the phonon field is found in general form and for the case of linear phonon-variable interaction of an electron with the phonon field with allowance for the potential screening of crystal-lattice nuclei. An expression for the phonon drag acting on a conduction electron in the lattice field is found and analyzed with allowance for the interaction. Frequency dependence of the coefficient of the phonon drag acting on a conduction electron is studied and the contribution of the electron-phonon interaction to the effective mass of a charge carrier is determined.__________Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 249–268, March 2005.     

Combined supercritical-fluid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the analysis of diuron in plasma using on-line phase-system switching

On-line sample pretreatment by means of the phase-system switching approach is an interesting technique for the analysis of aqueous samples, e.g., plasma, by means of supercritical-fluid chromatography. In order to analyse plasma samples the following analytical procedure is used. The plasma sample is injected on to a short precolumn, which is washed with water and subsequently dried with nitrogen. Next, the solutes are desorbed with the supercritical mobile phase, analysed with packed-column supercritical-fluid chromatography and detected with either a UV detector or a mass spectrometer, equipped with a moving-belt interface. The herbicide diuron is selected as a test compound to study the feasibility of this approach. Using a selective detector the procedure is sufficiently sensitive to detect diuron in plasma, but not appropriate to detect the diuron metabolites in a post-mortem plasma sample. These have been identified with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The detection limit of diuron in plasma using the procedure described is about 30 ng/mL.     

Low-frequency internal friction in complex composite strands

Conclusion A method was proposed which makes it possible to study the low-frequency internal friction of complex fibers. This method was used to study the internal friction of complex composite fibers based on PCA and PE. We observed a relaxation process which is typical of the composite and is absent in the pure materials.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 1, pp. 11–15, January–February, 1989.     

Effect of rare-earth oxides on the magnetic properties of anisotropic barium ferrites

The effect of rare-earth oxides on the properties of anisotropic barium ferrites has been studied by x-ray structural and Mössbauer methods. Additions of SrCO₃, as well as SrCO₃ and La₂O₃, SrCO₃ and Pr₆O₁₁, SrCO₃ and Nd₂O₃, SrCO₃ and Sm₂O₃ in amounts of 7.5 mole % Sr and 10 mole % rare-earth element to grade-A barium powder results in the substitution of barium ions by Sr and rare-earth ions; consequently, the energy of magnetic anisotropy changes and the technically important parameters B_r and (BH)_max increase.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 34–39, January, 1989.     

Linear absorbing boundary conditions for surface water wave propagation

Summary The meaning of linear absorbing boundary conditions for periodic water waves in elliptical approaches is discussed. It is found that the direction of propagation of the waves must be known for reliable boundary conditions and that the energy dissipation of waves running parallel to a boundary in general cannot be modelled in the framework of a linear theory. Work presented at the Euromech Colloquium 240 on ?Dispersive waves in dissipative fluids?, Bologna, August 30–September 2, 1988.     

Alkylation of 2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-3,6,11-trione and its S-oxide

The reactions of 2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-3,6,11-trione with dimethyl sulfate, benzyl chloride, and allyl bromide afforded the corresponding 2-alkyl-2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-3,6,11-triones and 3-(alkoxy)-6,11-dihydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-6,11-diones. The reactions of 2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-3,6,11-trione and its S-oxide with a formaldehyde—secondary amine system yielded 2-[(alkylamino)methyl]-2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole-3,6,11-triones and 2-[(alkylamino)methyl]-3,6,11-trioxo-2,3,6,11-tetrahydroanthra[2,1-d]isothiazole 1-oxides, respectively.     

Geometry of an Accelerated Rotating Disk

We analyze the geometry of a rotating disk with a tangential acceleration in the framework of the theory of Special Relativity, using the kinematic linear differential system that verifies the relative position vector of time-like curves in a Fermi reference. A numerical integration of these equations for a generic initial value problem is made up and the results are compared with those obtained in other works.     

Role of Bulk Vaporization in the Dynamics of Laser-Induced Erosion Plumes of Metals

In different regimes of exposure of metals to pulsed laser radiation, we show the role played by the liquid-drop phase formed from the target material in a laser-induced erosion plume due to bulk vaporization, in the dynamics of this plume. For some metals, the ranges of power densities of the acting laser radiation, at which the condensed-phase particles influence the passage of laser radiation to the target surface, have been determined experimentally. The mechanism of realization of a low-threshold breakdown has been revealed.     

New insights on amorphous silicon-nitride microcavities

All amorphous silicon-nitride planar optical microcavities operating in the visible range have been grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The luminescence intensity of the N-rich silicon-nitride layer from a microcavity with 6 period distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is two order of magnitude higher than that of the luminescent layer without the cavity. Moreover, a strong directionality of the microcavities emission can be observed. Such results can be ascribed to the anisotropic optical density of states induced in the Fabry–Perot structure. The quality factors of the resonators are strictly correlated to the number of periods of the DBRs.