Patterning of amorphous and polycrystalline Ni78B14Si8 with a focused-ion-beam

The machining response of amorphous and crystalline Ni₇₈B₁₄Si₈ was investigated when structuring substrates using focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling. In particular, the sputtering yield as a function of the scan speed, and the effects of ion fluence and scan speed on the milled depth were studied. The ion fluence dependent evolution of the cross-sectional profiles of trenches was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). When milling amorphous Ni₇₈B₁₄Si₈, it was found that the sputtering yield first decreased with increasing the beam scan speed, then kept constant within the scan speed range, up to 710 nm/s, investigated in this work; it was also found that the milled depth was almost proportional to the ion beam fluence. The patterning of polycrystalline Ni₇₈B₁₄Si₈ resulted in anisotropic milling-rates due to the varying orientation of the grains in the material. The analysis of the profile evolution in both materials indicated that the surface finish of trenches was scan speed, ion beam fluence and scan strategy dependent. The study demonstrated that direct patterning by FIB could be used for producing masters in amorphous Ni-based alloys for injection moulding and hot embossing.     

High‐power HgGa2S4 optical parametric oscillator pumped at 1064 nm and operating at 100 Hz

The defect chalcopyrite crystal HgGa₂S₄ has been employed in a 1064‐nm pumped optical parametric oscillator operating at 100 Hz, to generate ∼5 ns long idler pulses near 4 µm with energies as high as 6.1 mJ and average power of 610 mW. At crystal dimensions comparable to those available for the commercial AgGaS₂ crystal, operation of the 1064‐nm pumped HgGa₂S₄ OPO is characterized by much lower pump threshold and higher conversion efficiency, with the most important consequence that such a device might become practical at pump levels sufficiently lower than the optical damage threshold.     

Another odd thing about unparticle physics

The peculiar propagator of scale invariant unparticles has phases that produce unusual patterns of interference with Standard Model processes. We illustrate some of these effects in e⁺e⁻→μ⁺μ⁻$e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$.     

Demythification of electroproduction local duality and precocious scaling

In an effort to develop a quantitative check of asymptotically free color-gauge theories, we analyze the logarithmic corrections to ξ-scaling coming from anomalous dimensions and coefficient functions of twist-two operators and compare with electroproduction data for 1 ? Q² ? 16 GeV². Excellent agreement is obtained using $\text{g}{}^2\text{(2}\text{GeV}\text{)}\text{4π}{}^2\text{= 0.17}$ for the effective quark-gluon coupling in the color-gauge theory. Effects of higher-twist operators are suppressed by powers of $\text{M}{}_0{}^2\text{Q}{}^2$. We use data from the resonance region to show $\text{M}{}_0\text{? 400}\text{MeV}$, in agreement with theoretical expectations. Our fit to νW₂ in the scaling region also describes the resonance region in the sense of Bloom-gilman local duality. We show that local duality is a consequence of the moment predictions obtained from the operator-product expansion in quantum chromodynamics. We resolve a paradox associated with local duality and spin-zero targets. Present measurements of $\text{R =}\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{L}}\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{T}}$ at large x and Q² are systematically higher than our predictions.     

Schnelle Methoden zur Bestimmung der Hauptelemente in den Konzentraten und Mutterlaugen der Seesalzgewinnung

Zusammenfassung Es werden Methoden zur Bestimmung der Hauptelemente in den Mutterlaugen bei der Seesalzgewinnung beschrieben. Die Kationen und Anionen werden durch Ionenaustausch in einer Kolonne mit Wofatit KPS-200 in H-Form getrennt. Im Durchlauf werden Chlorid und Sulfat als Summe und Chlorid allein bestimmt. Sulfat wird als Differenz berechnet. Calcium, Magnesium und Eisen bestimmt man komplexometrisch. Die Summe Kalium und Natrium bestimmt man komplexometrisch als Magnesium nach lonenaustausch in einer Wofatit KPS-200-Säule in Mg²⁺-Form. Natrium wird als Natriumzinkuranylacetat bestimmt, und Kalium ergibt sich aus der Differenz.     

Study on the equilibrium in the MCl2?CH3OH?H2O System (M = Sr2+, Ba2+) at 25°C and 50°C

Studies on the equilibrium in the system MCl₂? CH₃OH? H₂O at 25°C and 50°C (M = Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) show that the dehydration in the water-methanol systems proceeds stepwise and all possible lower crystal hydrates may be obtained at 25°C depending on the molar ratio for the mixed solvent. The dehydration and solvation processes in the three-component system MCl₂? CH₃OH? H₂O (M = Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺) have been considered in general and compared with those in the bromide system.     

Correction to: Lithium ion conductivity of solid solutions based on Li8ZrO6

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Lithium ion conductivity of lithium hexaoxozirconate Li8ZrO6 doped by Mg2+, Sr2+, Nb5+, V5+, and Ce4+ cations was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The...     

Halogen–Aromatic π Interactions Modulate Inhibitor Residence Times

Prolonged drug residence times may result in longer‐lasting drug efficacy, improved pharmacodynamic properties, and “kinetic selectivity” over off‐targets with high drug dissociation rates. However, few strategies have been elaborated to rationally modulate drug residence time and thereby to integrate this key property into the drug development process. Herein, we show that the interaction between a halogen moiety on an inhibitor and an aromatic residue in the target protein can significantly increase inhibitor residence time. By using the interaction of the serine/threonine kinase haspin with 5‐iodotubercidin (5‐iTU) derivatives as a model for an archetypal active‐state (type I) kinase–inhibitor binding mode, we demonstrate that inhibitor residence times markedly increase with the size and polarizability of the halogen atom. The halogen–aromatic π interactions in the haspin–inhibitor complexes were characterized by means of kinetic, thermodynamic, and structural measurements along with binding‐energy calculations.     

Determination of residual monomers in acrylate dispersions by gas chromatography

The content of residual monomers is one of the most important characteristics of polymer dispersions. As a result of the similar physicochemical parameters of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, it is very difficult to determine the residual monomers in acrylate dispersions obtained by emulsion polymerization of both monomers. Gas chromatography with capillary columns, however, permits separation of these monomers and their quantitative determination in acrylate dispersions.