Ueber die Bindung des Jods an Stärke. I

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Determination of mercury in natural samples at the sub-nanogram level using inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry after reduction to elemental mercury

Inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry was used to determine mercury. Sodium borohydride was used to reduce the mercury to its elemental form, which was purged directly to the plasma using the nebulizer gas. Applications to natural waters and reference sediment are demonstrated. The detection limit, defined as three times the standard deviation of the blank, is 8 pg. The precision at the 100-pg level is 3%. The ability to make isotope dilution measurements is demonstrated.     

Measurement of the flexibility of wet cellulose fibres using atomic force microscopy

Flexibility and modulus of elasticity data for two types of wet cellulose fibres using a direct force–displacement method by means of AFM are reported for never dried wet fibres immersed in water. The flexibilities for the bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSW) fibres are in the range of 4–38 × 10¹² N^?1 m^?2 while the flexibilities for the thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres are about one order of magnitude lower. For BSW the modulus of elasticity ranges from 1 to 12 MPa and for TMP between 15–190 MPa. These data are lower than most other available pulp fibre data and comparable to a soft rubber band. Reasons for the difference can be that our measurements with a direct method were performed using never dried fibres immersed in water while other groups have employed indirect methods using pulp with different treatments.     

Metal-free halonium mediated acetate shifts of ynamides to access α-halo acrylamides/acrylimides

A metal-free acetate shift of 3-acetoxy ynamides to access α-iodo, bromo, and chloro acrylamides/acrylimides under very mild conditions is demonstrated. The inherent alkyne activation of ynamides is sufficient to ensure the α-halo acrylamides/acrylimides in high yields without the addition of a catalyst. In all cases high Z-stereoselectivity is observed.     

Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science,by H. Weyl

The paper begins with a general discussion of the properties of elastic liquids and with the use of models, consisting of springs and dashpots, to describe their behaviour. Next the linear and non-linear behaviour of these liquids are described together with some of the more striking observed properties. Experimental measurements are next discussed. The paper ends with a brief account of theoretical work that has been done on elastic liquids.     

Information and two-level systems

I consider the general functions depending on the quantum state represented by a two-level density matrix. Quantities of relevance are state distance and informations measures, i.e. entropies. I introduce a new complex representation of such functions. Utilizing the geometric interpretation of complex mappings, I summarize several properties of such transformations of the state. In particular these results are used to suggest several possible applications to physical questions. These are tentative only, but they indicate the physical relevance of the mathematical results presented.