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841.
The interactions between a ferrofluid with a free surface and an immersed permanent magnet are studied. We consider a strategy for the computation of equilibrium positions of the free surface for various geometric positions of the magnet. It will be used for the numerical simulation of devices that are used in spacecraft technology to damp oscillations of satellites. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   
842.
Compact binary mergers involving neutron stars can eject a fraction of their mass to space. Being extremely neutron rich, this material undergoes rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis, and the resulting radioactivity powers fast, short-lived electromagnetic transients known as kilonova or macronova. Such transients are exciting probes of the most extreme physical conditions and their observation signals the enrichment of the Universe with heavy elements. Here the current understanding of the mass ejection mechanisms, the properties of the ejecta, and the resulting radioactive transients are reviewed. The first well-observed event in the aftermath of GW170817 delivered a wealth of insights, but much of today's picture of such events is still based on a patchwork of theoretical studies. Apart from summarizing the current understanding, questions where no consensus has been reached yet are also pointed out, and possible directions for the future research are sketched. In an appendix, a publicly available heating rate library based on the WinNet nuclear reaction network is described, and a simple fit formula to alleviate the implementation in hydrodynamic simulations is provided.  相似文献   
843.
844.
845.
The pyridine-derived tetrapodal tetraphosphane C5H3N[CMe(CH2PMe2)2]2 is susceptible to selective protonolysis of a phosphorus-carbon bond in the presence of iron(II) salts. Water produces dimethylphosphinic acid, Me2POH, and protonates the anionic remainder of the tetraphosphane. The resulting iron(II) complexes and (tetrafluoroborate and perchlorate salts, respectively) contain the residual chelate ligand in which a methyl group, derived from the ligand skeleton, is in agostic interaction with the metal centre, and in which Me2POH, unavailable in the free state owing to rapid tautomerisation, is metal-coordinated and thus stabilised. Full NMR details are presented, including 31P simulations. The reactivity towards alcohols is similar (compounds), and has been studied using deuterium labels (NMR). P-C bond cleavage may be suppressed only if all protic agents are rigorously excluded, as in the reaction of with Fe(SO3CF3)2.2CH3CN in acetonitrile solution, which produces the complex [Fe(NCMe)](SO3CF3)2. In it, the ligand acts as an NP4 coordination cap but is severely distorted from square-pyramidal geometry. The reaction of with anhydrous ferrous bromide, FeBr2, in methanol again produces a dimethylphosphinic acid ester ligand, but the complex now contains ferric iron coordinated by a carbanionic residual chelate ligand, implicating H+ as the oxidising agent under these conditions. Full spectroscopic and X-ray structural details are presented for all compounds.  相似文献   
846.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in combination with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) reveals that the La enrichment at the surface of cerium-lanthanum solid solutions is an averaged effect and that segregation occurs in a mixed oxide phase. This separation occurs within a crystalline particle, where the dopant-rich phase is located at the surface of the dopant-deficient phase. The limiting structure appears to be a solid solution with a La fraction of x = 0.6 in the bulk and x = 0.75 at the surface. Up to a La fraction of 0.6, this phase will coexist with a lanthanum-type structure in different proportions depending on the dopant amount. STEM-EELS appears to be a powerful technique to clarify the existence of a multiphase system, and it shows that XRF, XPS, and XRD measure averaged results and do not show the phase complexity of the solids.  相似文献   
847.
Aluminum chloride is used extensively as Lewis acid catalyst in a variety of industrial processes, including Friedel-Crafts and Cl/F exchange reactions. There is a common misconception that pure AlCl3 is itself a Lewis acid. In the current study, we use experimental and computational methods to investigate the surface structure and catalytic properties of solid AlCl3. The catalytic activity of AlCl3 for two halide isomerization reactions is studied and compared with different AlF3 phases. It is shown that pure solid AlCl3 does not catalyze these reactions. The (001) surface of crystalline AlCl(3) is the natural cleavage plane and its structure is predicted via first principles calculations. The chlorine ions in the outermost layer of the material mask the Al3+ ions from the external gas phase. Hence, the experimentally found catalytic properties of pure solid AlCl3 are supported by the predicted surface structure of AlCl3.  相似文献   
848.
849.
The hydrogen‐evolving photocatalyst [(tbbpy)2Ru(tpphz)Pd(Cl)2]2+ (tbbpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, tpphz=tetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐h:2′′′,3′′′‐j]phenazine) shows excitation‐wavelength‐dependent catalytic activity, which has been correlated to the localization of the initial excitation within the coordination sphere. In this contribution the excitation‐wavelength dependence of the early excited‐state relaxation and the occurrence of vibrational coherences are investigated by sub‐20 fs transient absorption spectroscopy and DFT/TDDFT calculations. The comparison with the mononuclear precursor [(tbbpy)2Ru(tpphz)]2+ highlights the influence of the catalytic center on these ultrafast processes. Only in the presence of the second metal center, does the excitation of a 1MLCT state localized on the central part of the tpphz bridge lead to coherent wave‐packet motion in the excited state.  相似文献   
850.
The synthesis and functional analysis of KL001 derivatives, which are modulators of the mammalian circadian clock, are described. By using cutting‐edge C H activation chemistry, a focused library of KL001 derivatives was rapidly constructed, which enabled the identification of the critical sites on KL001 derivatives that induce a rhythm‐changing activity along with the components that trigger opposite modes of action. The first period‐shortening molecules that target the cryptochrome (CRY) were thus discovered. Detailed studies on the effects of these compounds on CRY stability implicate the existence of an as yet undiscovered regulatory mechanism.  相似文献   
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