Targeted destruction of murine macrophage cells with bioconjugated gold nanorods

Gold nanorods manifest a readily tunable longitudinal plasmon resonance with light and consequently have potential for use in photothermal therapeutics. Recent work by others has shown how gold nanoshells and rods can be used to target cancer cells, which can then be destroyed using relatively high power laser radiation (∼1×10⁵ to 1×10¹⁰ W/m²). Here we extend this concept to demonstrate how gold nanorods can be modified to bind to target macrophage cells, and show that high intensity laser radiation is not necessary, with even 5×10² W/m² being sufficient, provided that a total fluence of ∼30 J/cm² is delivered. We used the murine cell line RAW 264.7 and the monoclonal antibody CD11b, raised against murine macrophages, as our model system and a 5 mW solid state diode laser as our energy source. Exposure of the cells labeled with gold nanorods to a laser fluence of 30 J/cm² resulted in 81% cell death compared to only 0.9% in the control, non-labeled cells.     

α—NiSO4.6H2O晶体磁园二色谱和吸收谱的研究

用磁园二色谱和光吸收谱对α－ＮｉＳＯ４．６Ｈ２Ｏ晶体进行了测量和研究，实验结果表明在λ＝１８５～３３００ｎｍ范围内存在一系列吸收结构，其中三个主要主要吸收带结构分别对应于晶体中Ｎｉ离子基态到有关激发态的ｄ－ｄ跃迁，对它们进行了初步指认，实验中观测到红带的λ＝６５４ｎｍ和λ＝７１３ｎｍ两结构间存在一系列弱的结构峰，它们主要与自旋轨道耦合相互作用结果有关，在磁园二色谱中还观测到λ＝５８５ｎｍ的强吸收峰     

Optical properties of Ti1−x Hf x Se2 layered compounds from 1 to 9 eV

Summary The main structures of interband spectra of Ti_1−x Hf _x Se₂ crystals (0≤x≤0.3 andx=1) have been investigated by means of thermoreflectance from 1 to 9 eV. New indications about the correspondence of the interband spectra of TiSe₂ and HfSe₂ are given. Detailed data at intermediate stoichiometries, which give also evidence of possible bowing effects, are reported and discussed. No relevant effect of the 200 K phase transition in TiSe₂ is observable above 2 eV.

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Riassunto Sono state studiate, mediante la tecnica della termoriflettanza, le principali strutture dello spettro interbanda dei cristalli Ti_1−x Hf _x Se₂ (0≤x≤0.3 ex=1), fra 1 e 9 eV. Si sono così ottenute nuove indicazioni circa la corrispondenza fra gli spettri interbanda del TiSe₂ e dell'HfSe₂. Si riportano in dettaglio e discutono i dati di termoriflettanza a valori intermedi dix con evidenza di possibili effetti di ?bowing?. Non sono stati osservati apprezzabili effetti della transizione di fase a 200 K ad energie superiori a 2 eV.

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Резюме Исследуются главные особенности междузонных спектров кристаллов Ti_1−xHf _x Se₂ (0≤x≤0.3 иx=1) с помощью техники термоотражения в области от 1 до 9 эВ. Приводятся новые данные о соответствии между междузонными спектрами TiSe₂ и HfSe₂. Подробно обсуждаются данные при промежуточных значенияхx. Не наблюдаются заметные эффекты фазового перехода при 200 К в TiSe₂ при энергиях выше 2 эВ.

     

Velocity of the fourth sound in liquid helium II via extended thermodynamics

This work continues a study begun in previous works, where, using Extended Thermodynamics, a monofluid model of liquid helium II is formulated. The wave propagation in bulk liquid helium II is studied in the hypothesis that the thermal dilatation is not zero. The propagation of fourth sound, studied previously neglecting both the thermal dilatation and finite volume of the powder, is studied without these simplified hypotheses: a scattering correction n is introduced to take into account the porosity. The model is more general than the standard two-fluid model because it allows that a small amount of entropy is associated with helium when it flows through a very thin capillary or a porous medium. A comparison with experimental data is performed. From experimental values for velocities and attenuations of the two sounds in bulk liquid helium, the model provides the velocity of fourth sound in a porous medium. These values are determined at various temperatures and pressures and compared with fourth sound measurements in a packed powder.     

Douglas–Rachford splitting and ADMM for nonconvex optimization: accelerated and Newton-type linesearch algorithms

Computational Optimization and Applications - Although the performance of popular optimization algorithms such as the Douglas–Rachford splitting (DRS) and the ADMM is satisfactory in convex...     

Simultaneous determination of tetrathiomolybdates and molybdates in spiked blood plasma by differential pulse voltammetry and their speciation

A selective, sensitive and reliable voltam- metric method for the simultaneous determination of MoS^2-₄ and MoO^2-₄ has been developed. The reduction of HgMoS₄ at –0.43 V and the reduction of Mo as complex of MoO₂-oxine₂ at –0.63 V in acetate buffer at pH 4.9 are utilized for the simultaneous determination by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltametry (DPCSV). Cadmium and lead form complexes with MoS^2-₄, but do not interfere with the determination. The limit of detection is 0.59 g/l Mo for MoS^2-₄ and 1.8 g/l Mo for MoO^2-₄. The R.S.D at a concentration level of 20 g/l is 4.7% for MoO^2-₄ and 3.6% for MoS^2-₄. The method is applied to spiked blood plasma samples for the determination of free tetrathiomolybdates and molybdates. Additionally, labile tetrathiomolybdates and molybdates can be determined in spiked blood plasma after treatment of the sample with 0.15 mol/lKCN and ultrafiltration.     

Investigation of Ig.G adsorption and the effect on electrochemical responses at titanium dioxide electrode

The adsorption of Immunoglobulin G on a titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) electrode surface was investigated using (125)I radiolabeling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). (125)I radiolabeling was used to determine the extent of protein adsorption, while EIS was used to ascertain the effect of the adsorbed protein layer on the electrode double layer capacitance and electron transfer between the TiO(2) electrode and the electrolyte. The adsorbed amounts of Ig.G agreed well with previous results and showed approximately monolayer coverage. The amount of adsorbed protein increased when a positive potential was applied to the electrode, while the application of a negative potential resulted in a decrease. Exposure to solutions of Ig.G resulted in a decrease of the double layer capacitance (C) and an increase in the charge-transfer resistance (R(2)) at the electrode solution interface. As more Ig.G adsorbed onto the electrode surface, the extent of C and R(2) variation increased. These capacitance and charge-transfer resistance variations were attributed to the formation of a proteinaceous layer on the electrode surface during exposure.     

Characterization of a partially reduced tin(IV) oxide and of its cation exchange properties

A novel type of tin oxide and its cation exchange properties are described. The preparation of the oxide is rather unusual and consists in the precipitation of SnO·xH₂O in the presence of sodium nitroprusside and its digestion in the presence of sodium nitrite. The final product is a partially reduced tin dioxide (PRTD) with one out of eight atoms of metal in the lower oxidation state of +2 and a great part of the bound water hydrogen replaced by sodium. Usual applications of commercially available tin dioxide exchangers can be extended to PRTD with remarkable advantages.     

Conformation and absolute configuration of nocathiacin I determined by NMR spectroscopy and chiral capillary electrophoresis

Nocathiacin I (BMS-249524) is a highly cross-linked thiazolyl peptide that displays potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including a number of antibiotic-resistant strains. This natural product contains 10 chiral centers. NMR studies have been performed to characterize the solution structure of nocathiacin I. A uniformly 13C,15N-labeled sample was used to obtain NMR assignments. Restrained simulated annealing calculations were performed by using accurately determined NOE distance restraints. All of the chiral centers were allowed to float during the simulated annealing protocol. Two clusters of structures were obtained that satisfy the NOE restraints very well and that are reasonably consistent with vicinal J-coupling constants. Within each cluster, all 10 chiral centers are uniquely defined. The two clusters are effectively mirror images of each other: all chiral centers that have the R(S) configuration in one cluster have the S(R) configuration in the other. The single threonine residue in nocathiacin I was subsequently determined to be l-threonine by chiral capillary electrophoresis, allowing the absolute configurations of all 10 chiral centers to be defined.     

Thermodynamic characterization of poly(2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropyl methacrylate)

The thermodynamic characterization of a fluorinated methacrylic homopolymer was conducted by means of inverse gas chromatography (IGC), at infinite dilution. The homopolymer under study, poly(2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropyl methacrylate) (PPFPMA), was synthesized via a free radical polymerization reaction and was characterized by the employment of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) techniques. The specific retention volume of 15 solvents, used as probes, was used for the assessment of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, the weight fraction activity coefficient, the molar heat, energy and entropy of sorption, the partial heat of mixing of the probes, as well as the solubility parameter of the polymer. The results demonstrate that PPFPMA is insoluble in most organic solvents even at increased temperatures, with the exception of solvents like 2‐Butanone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1826–1833, 2010