Phase separation of Lal3 inside single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Simple binary solids can be found to adopt unprecedented structures when confined into nanometre-sized cavities, such as the inner cylindrical bore of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). In the case of the discussed Lal(x)@SWNT encapsulation composite, the Lal2 "crystal" fragment adopts the structure of bulk Lal3, with one third of the iodine positions unoccupied. A complete characterisation of the encapsulation composite was achieved using an enhanced digital restoration approach of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The resulting complex exit surface wave provides information about the precise structural data of both filling material and host SWNT, establishing the SWNT's chirality and thus enabling a prediction of the composite's overall electron-transport properties.     

Electromagnetic wormholes and virtual magnetic monopoles from metamaterials

We describe new configurations of electromagnetic (EM) material parameters, the electric permittivity epsilon and magnetic permeability micro, which allow one to construct devices that function as invisible tunnels. These allow EM wave propagation between the regions at the two ends of a tunnel, but the tunnels themselves and the regions they enclose are not detectable to lateral EM observations. Such devices act as wormholes with respect to Maxwell's equations and effectively change the topology of space vis-à-vis EM wave propagation. We suggest several applications, including devices behaving as virtual magnetic monopoles, invisible cables, and scopes for MRI-assisted surgery.     

An example of a non-linear evolution equation showing ‘chaos-enhancement’

It is shown that for a non-linear evolution equation—a caricature of Boltzmann's equation—a family of H-theorems exists.     

Analysis of 3-chlorotyrosine as a specific marker of protein oxidation: the use of N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyltrifluoroethyl ester derivatives and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

N(O,S)-ethoxycarbonyltrifluoroethyl amino acid esters are formed by the reaction of amino acids with ethylchloroformate plus trifluoroethanol plus pyridine. The use of these derivatives for a rapid and sensitive determination of 3-chlorotyrosine, a highly specific marker of myeloperoxidase-catalyzed protein oxidation, by using standard gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry, is discussed.     

Glycosylidene Carbenes. Part 18. Insertion of glycosylidene carbenes into the Sn?H bond of tributyl- and triphenylstannane: A synthesis of stannoglycosides

Insertion of the glycosylidene carbenes, derived from the gluco- and the manno-diazirines 1 and 2 , into the Sn? H bond of R₃SnH (R = Bu or Ph) leads to the fully substituted stannoglycosides 3 – 8 (53–77%). The 1,2-cis-configurated products are formed preferentially (α-D /β -D ranges from 2.5:1 to 5.1:1 with 1 , and 1:1.3 to 1:4.2 with 2 ). Relative to CH₂Cl₂, THF favors formation of the equatorial Sn-glycosides. The stannylated (benzyloxy)glucals 9 and 10 were isolated as side products. The reaction of 1 with (Bu₃Sn)₂ yielded 9 (17% in CH₂Cl₂; 36% in CCl₄) together with the azines 11 and the benzyloxyglucal 12 . NMR Data of the Sn-glycosides 3 – 8 show evidence for an anomeric effect, ¹J(C(1),H) being larger in the axial and ¹J(Sn,C(1)) larger in the equatorial anomers.     

Stochastic linear maps and transition probability

Some aspects of the transition probability P(, ) between states , on unital ^*-algebras are discussed. It is shown that P increases under the action of any stochastic linear map T, i.e., P(T, T)P(, ). Some properties of P are derived in starting from a recently-proved characterization of the quantity in question.