Resummation of angular dependent corrections in spontaneously broken gauge theories

Recent investigations of electroweak radiative corrections have revealed the importance of higher order contributions in high energy processes, where the size of typical corrections can exceed those associated with QCD considerably. Beyond one loop, only universal (angular independent) corrections are known to all orders except for massless processes, where also angle dependent corrections exist in the literature. In this paper we present general arguments for the consistent resummation of angle dependent subleading (SL) logarithmic corrections to all orders in the regime where all invariants are still large compared to the gauge boson masses. We discuss soft isospin correlations, fermion mass and gauge boson mass gap effects, the longitudinal and Higgs boson sector as well as mixing contributions including CKM effects for massive quarks. Two loop results for the right handed Standard Model are generalized in the context of the high energy effective theory based on the standard model Lagrangian in the symmetric basis with the appropriate matching conditions to include the soft QED regime. The result is expressed in exponentiated operator form in a CKM extended isospin space in the symmetric basis. Thus, a full electroweak SL treatment based on the infrared evolution equation method is formulated for arbitrary high energy processes at future colliders. Comparisons with known results are presented. Received: 12 February 2002 / Revised version: 7 March 2002 / Published online: 8 May 2002     

Evolution of dynamic spiral domains over a period of an alternating magnetic field

The stroboscopic method was applied to study the evolution of dynamic spiral domains in garnet ferrite films in an ac magnetic field. The spiral-domain shape was shown to change significantly within a field period; the basic shape transformations take place in the phase range ?π/4 to +π/4 with respect to the polarity inversion time. During the spiral-domain formation or decay, the area and shape of a hysteresis loop of the film region containing the domain gradually change. The upper boundary of the frequency range in which spiral domains form was established to be associated with transformations of the domain wall structure.     

A Symmetric-Impulse Approximation Applied to the Faddeev Theory on the Charge Transfer Amplitude

Off-the-shell anomalous factors of the two-body Coulomb transition matrices appear in the integral form of the Faddeev second-order nuclear-electronic amplitude, for proton-hydrogen charge transfer scattering in a typical nlm → n′l′m′ transition. A symmetric-impulse approximation (SIA) is applied to eliminate these factors and an induction method is proposed to analytically calculate the remaining integrals. The nuclear-electronic amplitude is derived for the general case, and for totally symmetric collisions, in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions of two variables, F ₄, and of one variable, ₃ F ₂, respectively. The angular distribution of the second-order nuclear-electronic charge transfer amplitude shows the Thomas mechanism as a peak or a hump for symmetric and asymmetric collisions. There also exists a peak in the forward angular distribution of the second-order nuclear-electronic amplitude, which partly cancels the kinematic peak in the angular distribution of the charge transfer differential cross sections.     

Effect of hardness and composition gradients on Barkhausen emission in case hardened steel

The effect of gradients in hardness, structure and composition in the surface layers on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) was investigated in two widely used low alloy steels. One material was case hardened by induction hardening. The other was case carburised. Similar hardness profiles were produced by the two treatments. It was found that the variation in structure and hardness through the case in the induction-hardened steel had a minor effect on the MBN profile. In contrast, the inhomogeneity in the case-carburised material showed up clearly. This took the form of a broadened or two-peak MBN profile. When the surface layer containing the case was removed by etching, the broadened profile was replaced by a profile with a single peak. It is concluded that the shape and position of the MBN profile is significantly affected when a gradient in microstructure is induced by a gradient in carbon content. On the other hand, a gradient in microstructure induced by heat treatment with a constant carbon level has much less affect on the MBN profile for the induction-hardened steel.     

Thermal and dielectric behaviors of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers at the curie transition

The thermal and dielectric behaviors of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymers near the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition are investigated for samples with 20, 25, 30, and 40 mol% trifluoroethylene (TrFE). The data suggest that the transition becomes continuous for a particular composition near 50 mol% TrFE. Experimental data are sensitive to thermal history (kinetics of crystallization, and kinetics and cycling over the structural transition). It is found that several anomalies are present at the structural change, and in particular the 30 mol% TrFE sample shows the most marked anomalies. These phenomena can be attributed to defects, but another possibility would be the existence of an intemediate supplementary phase. Both hypotheses are discussed.     

Elektrische Charakterisierung von Hochfrequenz-Niederdruck-Gasentladungen

In recent years there has emerged significant interest in low pressure radio frequency (rf) glow discharges which are used widely particulary in IC fabrication. Various parameters of the rf glow discharge have been found to be useful for its electrical characterization; however, there is no uniformity and agreement. Extensive experimental investigations on various discharge systems have shown, that the self-bias on the rf driven electrode, the complex conductivity and the breakdown characteristic are preferable parameters of rf discharges. Advantageously the self-bias and the complex conductivity should be presented in dependence on the pressure and the applied rf voltage. The discharge current cannot be measured quite accurately due to currents via leaky capacitors and the deviations from a sinusoidal form of the current due to nonlinearities.     

Electro-optic pulse response of ferroelectric liquid crystals

The electro-optic response of ferroelectric smectic C* liquid crystals has been studied. Anomalous switching behaviour of such materials which possess a negative dielectric anisotropy has been reported. These materials show a minimum in response time at a sufficiently high field. We present results showing the dependency of this minimum upon spontaneous polarisation and the effect of AC bias. Calculations based upon the equation of motion of the director around the cone are presented which describe this effect and its dependence on the relative magnitudes of the spontaneous polarization and dielectric anisotropy of the material. Good agreement with the experimental results is found.