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181.
Longhi S 《Optics letters》2005,30(7):786-788
It is shown that a frequency mode-locked laser with a sinusoidal sweep of modulation frequency around a mode-locking condition represents an ideal optical system for observing in the spectral domain the phenomena of dynamic localization and Bloch oscillations of electrons in an ideal solid placed in an external ac electric field. 相似文献
182.
In this paper we rigorously establish the existence of the mobility coefficient for a tagged particle in a simple symmetric exclusion process with adsorption/desorption of particles, in a presence of an external force field interacting with the particle. The proof is obtained using a perturbative argument. In addition, we show that, for a constant external field, the mobility of a particle equals to the self-diffusivity coefficient, the so-called Einstein relation. The method can be applied to any system where the environment has a Markovian evolution with a fast convergence to equilibrium (spectral gap property). In this context we find a necessary relation between forward and backward velocity for the validity of the Einstein relation. This relation is always satisfied by reversible systems. We provide an example of a non-reversible system, where the Einstein relation is valid.This revised version was published online in March 2005 with corrections to the page numbers. 相似文献
183.
Grazioli C Alfè D Krishnakumar SR Sen Gupta S Veronese M Turchini S Bonini N Dal Corso A Sarma DD Baroni S Carbone C 《Physical review letters》2005,95(11):117201
The occurrence of a noncollinear magnetic structure at a Mn monolayer grown epitaxially on Fe(100) is predicted theoretically, using spinor density-functional theory, and observed experimentally, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopies. The combined use of XMCD and XMLD at the Mn-absorption edge allows us to assess the existence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order at the interface, and also to determine the moment orientations with element specificity. The experimental results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the magnetic structure determined theoretically. 相似文献
184.
Longhi S 《Optics letters》2005,30(16):2137-2139
Linear and nonlinear light propagation in an array of waveguides with a periodically bent axis is theoretically investigated. In the linear propagation regime, it is shown that a self-imaging effect at periodic planes may occur, a phenomenon analogous to that of dynamic localization observed when an electron in a periodic potential is subjected to an ac field. In the nonlinear propagation regime, it is shown that periodic waveguide bending under the self-imaging condition inhibits the phenomenon of discrete modulational instability. 相似文献
185.
We give a reduction procedure to determine (locally) the surfaces with constant Gauss curvature in a three-dimensional manifold which are invariant under the action of a one-parameter subgroup of the isometry group of the ambient space. We apply this procedure to describe the invariant surfaces with constant Gauss curvature in and in . 相似文献
186.
Giampaolo?Liuzzi Stefano?LucidiEmail author Veronica?Piccialli Antonello?Sotgiu 《Mathematical Programming》2004,101(2):339-364
In this paper we are concerned with the design of a small low-cost, low-field multipolar magnet for Magnetic Resonance Imaging with a high field uniformity. By introducing appropriate variables, the considered design problem is converted into a global optimization one. This latter problem is solved by means of a new derivative free global optimization method which is a distributed multi-start type algorithm controlled by means of a simulated annealing criterion. In particular, the proposed method employs, as local search engine, a derivative free procedure. Under reasonable assumptions, we prove that this local algorithm is attracted by global minimum points. Additionally, we show that the simulated annealing strategy is able to produce a suitable starting point in a finite number of steps with probability one.This work was supported by CNR/MIUR Research Program Metodi e sistemi di supporto alle decisioni, Rome, Italy.Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65K05, 62K05, 90C56 相似文献
187.
Savasta S Di Stefano O Girlanda R Pieruccini M 《Physical review letters》2004,93(6):069701; author reply 069702
188.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of liquid crystal and polymeric thin films in visible and near infrared 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tkachenko V Marino A Vita F D'Amore F De Stefano L Malinconico M Rippa M Abbate G 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2004,14(2):185-192
In this work, we propose spectroscopic ellipsometry as a suitable method for measuring optical properties in soft materials, polymers and liquid crystals, specially selected for use in photonics applications. We show the results of our measurements on some multilayered samples, in the range from visible to the near-IR region, of interest for telecom applications. We point out potentialities and limits of the technique and compare the obtained results with another experimental method, the m-lines spectroscopy, and/or with existing data in the literature. The results about the optical parameters for the analysed materials (the nematic liquid crystal 5CB, one commercial and one lab made optical polymer, and an Indium Tin Oxide film) are useful and interesting by themselves. In fact, as a paradigmatic example, we briefly discuss how an incomplete knowledge of this kind of data can lead to a wrong design of a Bragg grating device. However, more than in the provided data, we put the interest of the present analysis in the warnings about spectroscopic ellipsometry utilization and eventually the necessity of getting complementary information.Received: 13 May 2004, Published online: 29 June 2004PACS:
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity) - 78.66.Qn Polymers; organic compounds - 07.60.Fs Polarimeters and ellipsometers 相似文献
189.
We show that, in low-dimensional photonic bandgaps, wave diffraction resulting from localization in the translational-invariant directions is strongly influenced by the photonic band structure of the periodic crystal, leading to new kinds of wave localization. In particular, for a periodic layered structure we show that, close to a bandgap edge, diffraction is enhanced, with a transition from a parabolic diffraction curve-typical of isotropic media and supporting Gaussian beams-to hyperbolic or elliptic diffraction curves. In the last two cases localization in the form of stationary X-shaped or sinc-shaped waves is possible. 相似文献
190.
Galzerano G Sani E Toncelli A Della Valle G Taccheo S Tonelli M Laporta P 《Optics letters》2004,29(7):715-717
Continuous-wave laser action at approximately 2 microm is demonstrated in a Tm-Ho:KYF4 single crystal at room temperature. Crystal growth, spectroscopic measurements, and laser results are presented. An output power in excess of 250 mW is obtained with a tuning range of 99 nm, the largest ever published, to our knowledge, for Tm-Ho in any crystalline host. 相似文献