Elimination of motion,pulsatile flow and cross-talk artifacts using blade sequences in lumbar spine MR imaging

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of T2 turbo spin echo (TSE) axial and sagittal BLADE sequences in reducing or even eliminating motion, pulsatile flow and cross-talk artifacts in lumbar spine MRI examinations. Forty four patients, who had routinely undergone a lumbar spine examination, participated in the study. The following pairs of sequences with and without BLADE were compared: a) T2 TSE Sagittal (SAG) in thirty two cases, and b) T2 TSE Axial (AX) also in thirty two cases. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed based on measurements in different normal anatomical structures and examination of seven characteristics, respectively. The qualitative analysis was performed by experienced radiologists. Also, the presence of image motion, pulsatile flow and cross-talk artifacts was evaluated. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis for the different sequences and anatomical structures, the BLADE sequences were found to be significantly superior to the conventional ones in all the cases. The BLADE sequences eliminated the motion artifacts in all the cases. In our results, it was found that in the examined sequences (sagittal and axial) the differences between the BLADE and conventional sequences regarding the elimination of motion, pulsatile flow and cross-talk artifacts were statistically significant. In all the comparisons, the T2 TSE BLADE sequences were significantly superior to the corresponding conventional sequences regarding the classification of their image quality. In conclusion, this technique appears to be capable of potentially eliminating motion, pulsatile flow and cross-talk artifacts in lumbar spine MR images and producing high quality images in collaborative and non-collaborative patients.     

Tailoring the Pore Size,Basicity, and Binding Energy of Mesoporous C3N5 for CO2 Capture and Conversion

We investigated the CO₂ adsorption and electrochemical conversion behavior of triazole-based C₃N₅ nanorods as a single matrix for consecutive CO₂ capture and conversion. The pore size, basicity, and binding energy were tailored to identify critical factors for consecutive CO₂ capture and conversion over carbon nitrides. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) analysis of CO₂ demonstrates that triazole-based C₃N₅ shows higher basicity and stronger CO₂ binding energy than g-C₃N₄. Triazole-based C₃N₅ nanorods with 6.1 nm mesopore channels exhibit better CO₂ adsorption than nanorods with 3.5 and 5.4 nm mesopore channels. C₃N₅ nanorods with wider mesopore channels are effective in increasing the current density as an electrocatalyst during the CO₂ reduction reaction. Triazole-based C₃N₅ nanorods with tailored pore sizes exhibit CO₂ adsorption abilities of 5.6–9.1 mmol/g at 0 °C and 30 bar. Their Faraday efficiencies for reducing CO₂ to CO are 14–38% at a potential of −0.8 V vs. RHE.     

近岸4种鱼的声散射特征提取及融合实验研究*

为了有效地提取表征鱼类间差异的声散射特征参数,该文通过绳系法实验研究了近岸4种经济鱼类的声散射信号特征提取及融合方法。首先,通过自研双频鱼探仪采集花鲈、许氏平鲉、黑鲷和斑石鲷的个体鱼声散射信号;然后,分别测定200 kHz和450 kHz换能器下鱼体的目标强度,同时提取鱼声散射信号的时频域统计特征;最后,将降维后的时频特征与频差特征融合组成新的特征向量。该文通过实验验证了该方法的有效性,基于组合特征的支持向量机识别准确率达93%。结果表明,鱼的频率响应特性和鱼声散射信号的时频域统计特征能一定程度上反映鱼的固有属性,有效地增加判别依据能显著提高以上4种鱼类的识别准确率。     

用于指导仲氢诱导核极化状态保存的己烯分子中五自旋的单重态制备和寿命研究

仲氢诱导核极化（PHIP）技术能极大地增强核磁共振（NMR）信号的灵敏度,已被应用于磁共振成像、原位化学反应监测等领域．除了不断提高不同分子极化后的灵敏度外,延长和保存高极化度状态对PHIP技术的应用也至关重要,其中将极化后的状态制备成核自旋单重态是目前被研究较多的一种方法．本文以能被PHIP技术极化的己烯分子为研究对象,通过设计优化控制脉冲,对分子中的一个五自旋体系进行操控,制备了多种核自旋单重态,结果表明：己烯分子的碳-碳双键上存在三种不同的核自旋单重态,它们的寿命均长于仲氢极化后产生的初始态的寿命,可以作为延缓极化度衰减的一种中间态;通过对比单重态的寿命与相应自旋的纵向弛豫时间发现,将极化后己烯的状态转化为纵向磁化可能也是一种保存极化度的有效方法．     

乳腺癌组织中蛋白质二级结构的Fourier变换红外光谱研究

根据乳腺大汗腺癌、小管癌、黏液癌、浸润导管癌、单纯癌和髓样癌组织Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换红外光谱酰胺Ⅰ带的去卷积和拟合分析,获得组织中蛋白质二级结构的数目及其组成。结果表明：这些组织中蛋白质二级结构的数目及其组成存在着显著的差异,并与组织的类型、分化、坏死等密切相关其中,髓样癌的差异性最大;高分化癌中螺旋结构的含量及非典型螺旋和α－螺旋含量的比值均比低分化癌的相应值高;肿瘤边缘坏死的乳腺癌组织也表现出明     

时间分辨荧光免疫分析法直接测定雌二醇

合成了雌二醇抗原,并获得了雌二醇单克隆抗体,通过酶联免疫吸附法测得效价为１．０×１０＾７。使用洗脱增强－时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定了血清中的雌二醇,浓度范围为１．０×１０＾－２－１．０×１０＾３μｇ／Ｌ,最低检出限为５．６ｎｇ／Ｌ,批内ＲＳＤ％小于３．７％,批间ＲＳＤ％小于７．５％。将测定结果 放射免疫分析法作了比较。     

Capillary electrochromatography with thermo-optical absorbance detection for the analysis of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids.

Capillary columns were packed with 3 microns C18 stationary phase, interfaced with an ultraviolet-laser based thermo-optical absorbance detector, and evaluated for separation of a mixture of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids. These columns demonstrated consistent performance with a relative standard deviation (RSD) for migration time of less than 1.5% and a separation efficiency of 216,000 plates/m for the electroosmotic flow marker, thiourea. The thermo-optical absorbance detector was based on a 248 nm krypton-fluoride excimer laser. Detection limits (3 sigma) ranged from 1.6 to 4.8 x 10(-7) M phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-amino acid injected onto the column, which is a factor of three superior to those obtained in micellar electrokinetic chromatographic analysis of these compounds. A mixture of 17 PTH amino acids was injected onto the capillary; 13 components were nearly baseline resolved in 14 min.     

微生物燃料电池电极材料研究进展

微生物燃料电池以微生物为催化剂将化学能直接转化成电能,可用于废水处理并产生电能,是一种极具应用前景的生物电化学技术. 本文综述了近年来微生物燃料电池电极材料的制备、功能修饰及表面构建等的研究进展,着重介绍了炭基纳米材料的微结构与成分对微生物燃料电池性能的影响,并分析了微生物燃料电池电极材料现存的主要问题,以期不久的将来微生物燃料电池能付之实用.     

激发态非线性吸收及其密度矩阵理论描述

提出了一个描述脉冲激光与十能级分子系统非共振相互作用的半经典密度矩阵理论模型,用以解释在ns和ps激光作用下的反饱和吸收效应,以及在强ps激光作用下自反饱和吸收向饱和吸收转变的现象,并且以C₆₀、金属酞菁和金属类卟啉溶液为样品,以波长为532nm的Nd:YAG脉冲激光作光源,实验演示了上述几种非线性吸收过程,证明了这个理论模型的正确性.