全文获取类型
收费全文 | 51432篇 |
免费 | 2011篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 32900篇 |
晶体学 | 262篇 |
力学 | 1616篇 |
数学 | 7942篇 |
物理学 | 10741篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 380篇 |
2022年 | 310篇 |
2021年 | 513篇 |
2020年 | 704篇 |
2019年 | 648篇 |
2018年 | 1014篇 |
2017年 | 828篇 |
2016年 | 1560篇 |
2015年 | 1430篇 |
2014年 | 1436篇 |
2013年 | 2987篇 |
2012年 | 3457篇 |
2011年 | 3556篇 |
2010年 | 2114篇 |
2009年 | 1760篇 |
2008年 | 3024篇 |
2007年 | 3054篇 |
2006年 | 2687篇 |
2005年 | 2625篇 |
2004年 | 2255篇 |
2003年 | 1833篇 |
2002年 | 1604篇 |
2001年 | 965篇 |
2000年 | 816篇 |
1999年 | 591篇 |
1998年 | 449篇 |
1997年 | 413篇 |
1996年 | 498篇 |
1995年 | 345篇 |
1994年 | 380篇 |
1993年 | 384篇 |
1992年 | 421篇 |
1991年 | 355篇 |
1990年 | 348篇 |
1989年 | 337篇 |
1988年 | 295篇 |
1987年 | 295篇 |
1986年 | 242篇 |
1985年 | 408篇 |
1984年 | 372篇 |
1983年 | 262篇 |
1982年 | 361篇 |
1981年 | 358篇 |
1980年 | 308篇 |
1979年 | 295篇 |
1978年 | 288篇 |
1976年 | 298篇 |
1975年 | 270篇 |
1974年 | 279篇 |
1973年 | 263篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Pierre Crispel Pierre Degond Céline Parzani Marie-Hélène Vignal 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2004,338(4):327-332
In this Note, we propose three formulations of a model describing a quasi-neutral plasma with non-vanishing current. In order to study and compare the numerical efficiency of each formulation, two test-problems are implemented in one dimension. The first is a periodic perturbation of a uniform stationary plasma. The second is a case of plasma expansion in vacuum between two electrodes. To cite this article: P. Crispel et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004). 相似文献
92.
Siegfried Grossmann Denis Jérome Antonio Paoletti 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(4):447
We mourn the death of Professor Dr. Gilbert Grynberg, April 17, 1948 - January 27, 2003. We have lost an excellent and highly esteemed scientist, an outstanding character and a good friend. He has been a very active colleague in the merger of Zeitschrift für Physik and Journal de Physique in the early days. As one of the Co-Editors-in-Chief of The European Physical Journal D, from its start, he has formed the scienti.c standards of EPJ. Untiringly he has served our Journal with greatest dedication. We are grateful that he has been with us. The editorial board and o.ce of EPJ B Siegfried Grossmann, Denis Jérome, Antonio Paoletti 相似文献
93.
The kinetics of oxygen exchange are of primary importance for the application of titanates as fast resistive oxygen sensors.
The sensor’s conductivity is correlated with the oxygen partial pressure pO2 of the surrounding atmosphere: Due to oxygen surface transfer and subsequent diffusion of oxygen vacancies V
O
··
, a pO2 change gives rise to a conductivity change of the sample. While bulk diffusion usually occurs very fast, the surface transfer
reaction becomes the rate determining step for thin samples and for low temperatures. We have shown that in the case of acceptor
doped SrTiO3 the kinetics of the surface transfer reaction can be strongly influenced through stoichiometric changes brought about by
thin coatings of alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g. SrO). In contrast to the commonly used jump method (conductivity response
to a sudden pO2 change in the time domain), a model is presented which is based on the frequency-domain analysis of amplitude and phase shift
of the response signal obtained from a pO2 modulation in a fast kinetic measurement set-up. This method allows not only for measuring response times in the sub-millisecond
range but also for distinguishing between behaviour either controlled by volume diffusion or by surface transfer reaction.
Paper presented at the 9th EuroConference on Ionics, Ixia, Rhodes, Greece, Sept. 15 – 21, 2002. 相似文献
94.
Let Um be an m×m Haar unitary matrix and U[m,n] be its n×n truncation. In this paper the large deviation is proven for the empirical eigenvalue density of U[m,n] as m/n→λ and n→∞. The rate function and the limit distribution are given explicitly. U[m,n] is the random matrix model of quq, where u is a Haar unitary in a finite von Neumann algebra, q is a certain projection and they are free. The limit distribution coincides with the Brown measure of the operator quq. 相似文献
95.
The piston problem is investigated in the case where the length of the cylinder is infinite (on both sides) and the ratio m/M is a very small parameter, where m is the mass of one particle of the gaz and M is the mass of the piston. Introducing initial conditions such that the stochastic motion of the piston remains in the average at the origin (no drift), it is shown that the time evolution of the fluids, analytically derived from Liouville equation in a previous work, agrees with the Second Law of thermodynamics. We thus have a non equilibrium microscopical model whose evolution can be explicitly shown to obey the two laws of thermodynamics. 相似文献
96.
E. García-Matres N. Stüßer M. Hofmann M. Reehuis 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,32(1):35-42
The magnetic structures of Mn1-xFexWO4 with x
= 0.0, 0.16, 0.21, 0.225, 0.232, 0.24, 0.27, 0.29, and 1.0 were refined from neutron powder diffraction data. The magnetic phase
diagram could be completed in the coexistence range of different magnetic structures up to x
= 0.29. For the magnetic state at 1.5 K a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure with a propagation vector
= (±1/4, 1/2, 1/2) was found for x
⩽ 0.22 while the magnetic spins order with
= (1/2, 0, 0) for x
≥ 0.22. In the latter phase, additionally, weak magnetic reflections indexed to an incommensurate ordering with
= (- 0.214, 1/2, 0.457) occur in the diffraction pattern up to x
= 0.29 indicating the occurence of a reentrant phase. For 0.12 ⩽
x
⩽ 0.29 the low temperature phases are separated from a magnetic high temperature phase showing only magnetic reflections indexed
to a spin arrangement with
= (1/2, 0, 0). The magnetic phase diagram is discussed qualitatively considering random superexchange between the statistically distributed
Mn2+- and Fe2+-ions in the coexistence range 0.12 ⩽
x
⩽ 0.29 of different magnetic structures related to those of pure MnWO4 and FeWO4.
Received 9 October 2002 Published online 14 March 2003 相似文献
97.
Marcel Crabbé 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2004,338(6):433-436
We investigate the notion of substitution in an abstract way, without defining it explicitly. We single out the essential features of the operation of performing a substitution in order to define a concept of substitutive structure, called logos. We then prove a completeness theorem making precise and justifying the intuition that formulas true for the usual substitution can be proved from the logos axioms only. To cite this article: M. Crabbé, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004). 相似文献
98.
Christian J. Bordé Claus Lämmerzahl Ernst M. Rasel 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2004,36(10):2193-2196
99.
A time-dependent model corresponding to an Oldroyd-B viscoelastic fluid is considered, the convective terms being disregarded.
Global existence in time is proved in Banach spaces provided the data are small enough, using the implicit function theorem
and a maximum regularity property for a three fields Stokes problem. A finite element discretization in space is then proposed.
Existence of the numerical solution is proved for small data, so as a priori error estimates, using again an implicit function
theorem.
Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Fellowship PBEL2–114311. 相似文献
100.
René Meziat Diego Patiño Pablo Pedregal 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2007,38(1):147-171
We propose an alternative method for computing effectively the solution of non-linear, fixed-terminal-time, optimal control
problems when they are given in Lagrange, Bolza or Mayer forms. This method works well when the nonlinearities in the control
variable can be expressed as polynomials. The essential of this proposal is the transformation of a non-linear, non-convex
optimal control problem into an equivalent optimal control problem with linear and convex structure. The method is based on
global optimization of polynomials by the method of moments. With this method we can determine either the existence or lacking
of minimizers. In addition, we can calculate generalized solutions when the original problem lacks of minimizers. We also
present the numerical schemes to solve several examples arising in science and technology. 相似文献