Photoelastic studies on progress of separation in interference fits

Interference fits are used extensively in aircraft structural joints because of their improved fatigue performance. Recent advances in analysis of these joints have increased understanding of the nonlinear load-contact and load-interfacial slip variations in these joints. Experimental work in these problems is lacking due to difficulties in determining partial contact and partial slip along the pin-hole interface. In this paper, an experimental procedure is enumerated for determining load-contact relations in interference/clearance fits, using photoelastic models and applying a technique for detecting progress of separation/contact up to predetermined locations. The study incorporates a detailed procedure for model making, controlling interference, locating break of contact up to known locations around the interface, estimating optically the degree of interference, determining interfacial friction and evaluating stresses in the sheet. Experiments, simulating joints in large sheets, were carried out under both pin and plate loads. The present studies provide load-separation behavior in interference joint with finite interfacial friction.     

Radiochemical separation of bismuth activities using Dalzin,and its application to geological problems

A radiochemical method has been devised for the separation of bismuth activities of the natural series,viz.²¹⁴Bi,²¹⁰Bi and²¹²Bi, and applied to the indirect estimation of their corresponding precursors,²²²Rn,²¹⁰Pb and²¹²Pb, in a wide variety of geological materials. The method consists of the solvent extraction of bismuth in radiochemically pure form from the sample solution atpH 2 with diallyldithiocarbamido-hydrazine (Dalzin) in chloroform, and back extraction with 2M acid. The advantages of this method over the dithizone extraction system are discussed.     

Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of manganese ions in ZnO-Sb2O3-B2O3 glass system

ZnO-Sb₂O₃-B₂O₃ glasses containing different concentrations of MnO ranging from 0 to 1.0 mol% were prepared. A number of studies, viz. optical absorption, infrared and ESR spectra and magnetic susceptibility, were carried out as a function of manganese ion concentration. The analysis of the results indicate that manganese ions mostly exist in Mn²⁺ state in these glasses when the concentration of MnO≤0.6 mol% and above this concentration, these ions seem to exist in Mn³⁺ state in the glass network.     

1 053-nm all-fiber pulse multi-pass stretcher using a linear chirped fiber Bragg grating

An all-fiber optical laser pulse multi-pass stretcher using a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is demonstrated. Pulses from a 1 053-nm mode-locked fiber seed oscillator are stretched by multiple passing through a chirped fiber grating set in a fiber regenerative amplifier structure. We stretch the pulse from 16 ps to 1.855 ns after it transmits seven loops in the stretcher. The main factors that affect the stretching results are discussed.     

新型长周期光纤光栅的横向负载特性及其偏振相关性研究

发现高频CO2激光脉冲写入的长周期光纤光栅谐振波长的横向负载特性具有较强的负载方向相关性,而损耗峰幅值的横向负载特性的方向相关性较弱.不同圆周方向的横向负载对谐振波长偏振相关性的影响差异较大,但对损耗峰幅值偏振相关性的影响差异较小.利用横向负载引起双折射进而导致光栅的光学主轴旋转的相关理论,合理解释了该长周期光纤光栅独特的横向负载特性及其偏振相关性.     

Complexometric titration of total iron with o-mercaptobenzoic acid as indicator

The soluble deep blue complex of iron(II) with o-mercaptobenzoic acid in aqueous pyridine medium (pH 6.4-7.4) can be titrated with EDTA at room temperature with a sharp colour change from blue to light yellow. o-Mercaptobenzoic acid forms a 2:1 complex with iron(II), maximum absorption at 600 nm. Its stability constant was found to be log K = 7.7. With iron(III), a transient blue colour is first formed which soon becomes colourless and then on the addition of excess of reagent, the deep blue complex is formed on reduction of the iron(III). Iron can be titrated in the presence of copper, if the latter is masked with sodium thiosulphate. Cobalt and nickel interfere. Common anions such as chloride, tartrate, phosphate, oxalate, citrate and acetate have no interference.     

A Validated Chiral LC Method for the Enantiomeric Separation of Nateglinide and the Quantitative Determination of Its l-Enantiomer

A simple and accurate chiral liquid chromatographic method was developed for the enantiomeric purity determination of d-nateglinide and quantitative determination of l-nateglinide in bulk drug samples. Good resolution (R _s  > 6.0) between d-enantiomer and l-enantiomer of nateglinide were achieved with Chiralpak AD-H (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) column using hexane and ethanol (90:10 v/v) as mobile phase at 25 °C temperature. Flow rate was kept as 1.0 mL min^?1 and elution was monitored at 210 nm. The effects of the mobile phase composition, the flow rate and the temperature on the chromatographic separation were investigated. Developed method is capable to detect (LOD) and quantitate (LOQ) l-nateglinide to the levels of 0.3 and 1.0 μg mL^?1 respectively, for 10 μL injection volume. The percentage RSD of the peak area of six replicate injections of l-nateglinide at LOQ concentration was 5.2. The percentage recoveries of l-nateglinide from d-nateglinide ranged from 97.9 to 99.7. The test solution and mobile phase was found to be stable up to 24 h after preparation. The developed method was validated with respect to LOD, LOQ, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness.     

Lipschitz equivalence of self-similar sets

In 1997 David and Semmes asked whether there exists a bilipschitz map between the two compact self-similar subset M and $M^{\prime }$ of the real line defined by the relations $M=(M/5)\cup (M/5+2/5)\cup (M/5+4/5)$ and $M^{\prime }=(M^{\prime }/5)\cup (M^{\prime }/5+3/5)\cup (M^{\prime }/5+4/5)$. We answer this question positively. To cite this article: H. Rao et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).     

The mass spectrum of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone oxime

2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Oxime is found to undergo loss of OH·, H₂O, NHOH·; and PhCNO when subjected to electron impact, revealing novel hydrogen and skeletal migrations. The fragmentation mechanisms are found to differ considerably from those of benzophenone oxime and we confirmed these cleavages by exact mass measurements and deuterium labelling.     

Growth of single crystals of copper and their thermal profile estimation

Copper crystals have been grown by Czochralski technique in a 6-bar argon gas environment. X-ray analysis shows that these are single crystals and are strain-free. A slight pressure environment that is truly hydrostatic seems to improve the quality of the crystals. Thermal profile estimation results show that the values of temperature which decrease upto the neck region are same in magnitude as those measured during the experiments and that necking improves the thermal profile and, consequently, the crystal quality. No facet formation has been observed in these crystals.