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971.
972.
Sophie A. W. Calabretto James P. Denier Trent W. Mattner 《Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics》2016,30(4):295-312
Imparting a sudden rotation to a torus (or other symmetric smooth object) in an otherwise quiescent, viscous fluid serves to generate boundary layers at the object’s surface. These boundary layers are known to exhibit a finite-time singularity at the equator which manifests in a thickening of the boundary layer and subsequent development of an equatorial jet. Here we consider the post-collision flow dynamics, demonstrating that the equatorial jet serves to shed a finite amplitude toroidal vortex pair. The radial jet is also shown to develop an absolute instability at suitably high Reynolds numbers. 相似文献
973.
974.
Eva‐Maria Christ Sophie S. Müller Elena Berger‐Nicoletti Holger Frey 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(19):2850-2859
Synthesis and characterization of novel hydroxyl‐functionalized oxetane‐inimers with varied alkyl chain length—3‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐methoxymethyloxetane, 3‐hydroxymethyl‐3‐propoxymethyloxetane, and 3‐hexoxymethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane—is reported. Cationic ring‐opening polymerization of these latent, cyclic AB2‐monomers leads to hyperbranched (hb) polyether polyols with degrees of branching between 34 and 69%, confirmed by inverse‐gated (IG) 13C NMR spectroscopy. The hyperbranching polymerization yielded apparent molecular weights (Mn) ranging from 500 to 2500 g mol?1 (size exclusion chromatography). Remarkably, by copolymerization of 1,1,1‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane as a “focal” unit, polymerization under slow monomer addition conditions lead to higher apparent molecular weights up to 11,220 g mol?1. The end groups of the hb polymers were studied via matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass and NMR spectrometry. By varying the alkyl chain length, tailoring of the solubility and glass transition temperatures of the materials is possible. Potential applications range from macroinitiators with defined polarity to tailoring of surface properties of antifouling materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 2850–2859 相似文献
975.
In this paper, we provide a mathematical framework for characterizing AMD codes that are R-optimal. We introduce a new combinatorial object, the reciprocally-weighted external difference family (RWEDF), which corresponds precisely to an R-optimal weak AMD code. This definition subsumes known examples of existing optimal codes, and also encompasses combinatorial objects not covered by previous definitions in the literature. By developing structural group-theoretic characterizations, we exhibit infinite families of new RWEDFs, and new construction methods for known objects such as near-complete EDFs. Examples of RWEDFs in non-abelian groups are also discussed. 相似文献
976.
Tricarbonylchromium complexes of 1-indanol, 1-tetralol, 2-tetralol and the uncomplexed counterparts were kinetically resolved by asymmetric esterification with the Candida cylindracea lipase. We observed a beneficial effect of the tricarbonyl chromium group on the enantioselectivity and we have studied the implication of the relative positions of the tricarbonylchromium group and the alcohol function. 相似文献
977.
Sarah P. Niehs Benjamin Dose Sophie Richter Sacha J. Pidot Hans‐Martin Dahse Timothy P. Stinear Christian Hertweck 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(20):7766-7771
A spider‐transmitted fungus (Rhizopus microsporus) that was isolated from necrotic human tissue was found to harbor endofungal bacteria (Burkholderia sp.). Metabolic profiling of the symbionts revealed a complex of cytotoxic agents (necroximes). Their structures were characterized as oxime‐substituted benzolactone enamides with a peptidic side chain. The potently cytotoxic necroximes are also formed in symbiosis with the fungal host and could have contributed to the necrosis. Genome sequencing and computational analyses revealed a novel modular PKS/NRPS assembly line equipped with several non‐canonical domains. Based on gene‐deletion mutants, we propose a biosynthetic model for bacterial benzolactones. We identified specific traits that serve as genetic handles to find related salicylate macrolide pathways (lobatamide, oximidine, apicularen) in various other bacterial genera. Knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway enables biosynthetic engineering and genome‐mining approaches. 相似文献
978.
Pauline Legrand Rabah Gahoual Raphaël Benattar Balthazar Toussaint Caroline Roques Nathalie Mignet Sophie Goulay‐Dufaÿ Pascal Houz 《Journal of separation science》2020,43(14):2925-2935
Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant compound involved in many biological functions, and a chronic deficiency is at the origin of scurvy disease. A simple, rapid, and cost‐effective capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the separation and simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid and the major degradation products: dehydroascorbic acid, furfural, and furoic acid. Systematic optimization of the conditions was performed that enabled baseline separation of the compounds in less than 10 min. In addition to simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid alongside to the degradation products, stability studies demonstrated the possibility using capillary electrophoresis to separate and identify the major degradation products. Thus, high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry experiments were conducted in order to identify an unknown degradation product separated by capillary electrophoresis and significantly present in degraded samples. Comparison of mass spectrometry data and capillary electrophoresis electropherograms allowed to identify unambiguously trihydroxy‐keto‐valeraldehyde. Finally, capillary electrophoresis was successfully applied to evaluate the composition of different pharmaceutical preparation of ascorbic acid. Results showed the excellent performance of the capillary electrophoresis method due to the separation of excipients from the compounds of interest, which demonstrated the relevance of using an electrophoretic separation in order to perform comprehensive stability studies of ascorbic acid. 相似文献
979.
Tingting Fu Janina Oetjen Manuel Chapelle Alexandre Verdu Matthias Szesny Arnaud Chaumot Davide Degli‐Esposti Olivier Geffard Yohann Clment Arnaud Salvador Sophie Ayciriex 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2020,55(9)
The highly diverse chemical structures of lipids make their analysis directly from biological tissue sections extremely challenging. Here, we report the in situ mapping and identification of lipids in a freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) in combination with an additional separation dimension using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). The high‐resolution trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) allowed efficient separation of isobaric/isomeric lipids showing distinct spatial distributions. The structures of the lipids were further characterized by MS/MS analysis. It is demonstrated that MALDI MSI with mobility separation is a powerful tool for distinguishing and localizing isobaric/isomeric lipids. 相似文献
980.
Details of the reaction sequence used for the fluorimetric detection of phosphates by disassembly of transition metal Schiff base complexes were investigated for [FeIII(salen)(H2O)]+, [ZnII(salen)], [MnII(salen)(H2O)2], and [MnIII(salen)(H2O)]+. The reactivity of these compounds towards phosphorus oxoanions of differing charge, number of donor atoms and steric hindrance was detected by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in both aprotic organic and aqueous media. Selectivity of [FeIII(salen)(H2O)]+ towards pyrophosphate over all other tested phosphorus-containing analytes was strongly supported. [ZnII(salen)] showed a faster reactivity but was much less selective. In contrast, [MnIII(salen)(H2O)]+ proved to be more stable than the iron complex but generally showed little reactivity towards phosphorus oxoanions. The influence of the charge of the central atom was investigated using the MnII analogue [MnII(salen)(H2O)2]. As expected, the reduced charge resulted in a reactivity comparable to the ZnII complex in organic solution but lead to hydrolysis of the complex in water. Finally, the reaction products of [FeIII(salen)(H2O)]+ with phosphates were characterized by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, providing further insights into the reaction mechanism of the disassembly process. 相似文献