An improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-Ⅱ experiment

In dark matter direct detection experiments,neutron is a serious source of background,which can mimic the dark matter-nucleus scattering signals.In this paper,we present an improved evaluation of the neutron background in the PandaX-II dark matter experiment by a novel approach.Instead of fully relying on the Monte Carlo simulation,the overall neutron background is determined from the neutron-induced high energy signals in the data.In addition,the probability of producing a dark-matter-like background per neutron is evaluated with a complete Monte Carlo generator,where the correlated emission of neutron(s)andγ(s)in the(α,n)reactions and spontaneous fissions is taken into consideration.With this method,the neutron backgrounds in the Run 9(26-ton-day)and Run 10(28-ton-day)data sets of PandaX-II are estimated to be(0.66±0.24)and(0.47±0.25)events,respectively.     

OCS经由F 31Π里德堡态生成CO(X1Σ+)+S(1D2)产物的波长相关性光解离

本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术在134∽140 nm波段研究了OCS分子经由F 3¹Π里德堡态的真空紫外光解离动力学. 在选取的5个分别对应OCS(F 3¹Π, v₁=0∽4)的伸缩振动激发的光解波长,实验测得了来自CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物通道的SS(¹D₂))实验影像,并获得了总平动能谱和CO(X¹Σ⁺, v)共生产物的振动布居及角分布. 结果分析表明OCS分子解离生成CO(X¹Σ⁺)+S(¹D₂)产物的过程经历了上态F 3¹Π 与C_?v和C_s构型的下电子态间非绝热耦合过程. 实验结果显示了很强的波长相关性：OCS (F 3¹Π, v₁)的较低转动激发态(v₁=0∽2)和较高转动激发态(v₁=3, 4)的CO(X¹Σ⁺)产物的振动布居和角分布具有显著差异,表明该解离过程中具有不同的解离机理. 本结果提供了振动耦合可能对真空紫外光解离动力学产生关键作用的相关证据.     

埋层界面和空气表面和频光谱信号贡献的调控

本文研究表明通过膜厚控制和表面等离激元增强方法可有效区分隐藏界面和空气表面的和频振动光谱信号. 以氟化钙基底支撑的PMMA薄膜为模型,观察到隐藏界面和空气表面对和频信号贡献的变化. 通过监控羰基和甲基伸缩振动基团,发现薄PMMA膜的和频信号来自PMMA/空气表面的化学基团-CH₂、-CH₃、-OCH₃和C=O,而厚PMMA膜的和频信号则来自基底/PMMA埋层界面的-OCH₃和C=O基团. 随制膜浓度增大,埋层界面C=O基团的取向角从65°下降到43°,且浓度大于或等于0.5 wt%时,取向角等于45°±2°. 相比之下,空气表面C=O的取向角落在21°∽38°之间. 在金纳米棒存在条件下,表面等离激元可以极大地增强和频信号,尤其是来自埋层界面信号.     

金属表面镀高分子膜对真空击穿阈值的影响

探索提高金属表面真空击穿阈值的方法,对脉冲功率技术的发展和应用具有重要意义。在金属表面电子发射理论分析的基础上,采用有限元法计算阴极杆表面电场随二极管电压的变化规律,设计了实验系统,并开展了实验研究。实验对比了在脉宽约30 ns、阴极杆与阳极筒间隙12 mm时,钛合金TC4阴极杆在不同种类高分子膜（膜厚30～60 μm）下真空击穿阈值的变化情况。在表面粗糙度R_z（轮廓最大高度）为0.8 μm的TC4阴极杆表面分别镀环氧树脂膜和丙烯酸膜,实验结果表明,镀丙烯酸膜阴极杆的击穿阈值约505 kV/cm,相对于不镀膜阴极杆,击穿场强提高了约20.6%;在表面粗糙度R_z为0.2 μm的TC4阴极杆表面分别镀聚酰亚胺膜和聚醚醚酮膜,实验结果表明,镀聚酰亚胺膜阴极杆的击穿阈值为584 kV/cm,相对于不镀膜阴极杆,击穿场强提高了约28.1%。因此,在金属表面镀丙烯酸膜、聚酰亚胺膜可以有效提高金属表面的真空击穿阈值。     

三能级钾原子气体三维傅里叶变换频谱的解析解

利用投影切片定理、傅里叶位移定理和误差函数给出三能级钾原子气体三维傅里叶变换频谱在T=0界面的解析解.固定均匀线宽,非均匀展宽和对角线相关系数可以定量地识别,通过在适当方向上拟合三维傅里叶变换频谱谱峰的切片来确定.结果表明,非均匀展宽增大,频谱图沿着对角线方向延伸,对角线相关系数增大,频谱图逐渐变圆,振幅也逐渐变小.     

Overview of finite elements simulation of temperature profile to estimate properties of materials 3D-printed by laser powder-bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),like many other additive manufacturing techniques,offers flexibility in design expected to become a disruption to the manufacturing industry.The current cost of LPBF process does not favor a try-anderror way of research,which makes modelling and simulation a field of superior importance in that area of engineering.In this work,various methods used to overcome challenges in modeling at different levels of approximation of LPBF process are reviewed.Recent efforts made towards a reliable and computationally effective model to simulate LPBF process using finite element(FE)codes are presented.A combination of ray-tracing technique,the solution of the radiation transfer equation and absorption measurements has been used to establish an analytical equation,which gives a more accurate approximation of laser energy deposition in powder-substrate configuration.When this new analytical energy deposition model is used in in FE simulation,with other physics carefully set,it enables us to get reliable cooling curves and melt track morphology that agree well with experimental observations.The use of more computationally effective approximation,without explicit topological changes,allows to simulate wider geometries and longer scanning time leading to many applications in real engineering world.Different applications are herein presented including:prediction of printing quality through the simulated overlapping of consecutive melt tracks,simulation of LPBF of a mixture of materials and estimation of martensite inclusion in printed steel.     

Synthesis and optical properties of SnO2-CuO nanocomposite

SnO₂-CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by impregnating SnO₂ nanowires with CuCl₂ solution and subsequent calcination. SEM and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the product. The optical properties were analyzed by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature. Except the strong orange emission of SnO₂, the PL spectrum showed a red shoulder at 678 nm which originated from the interface between SnO₂ and CuO.     

Giant Faraday and Kerr rotation with strained graphene

Polarized electromagnetic waves passing through (reflected from) a dielectric medium parallel to a magnetic field undergo Faraday (Kerr) rotation of their polarization. Recently, Faraday rotation angles as much as 0.1?rad were observed for terahertz waves propagating through graphene over a SiC substrate. We show that the same effect is observable with the magnetic field replaced by an in-plane strain field which induces a pseudomagnetic field in graphene. With two such sheets a rotation of π/4 can be achieved, which is the required rotation for an optical diode. Similarly a Kerr rotation of 1/4 rad is predicted from a single reflection from a strained graphene sheet.     

Effects of substrate temperature on the efficiency of hydrogen incorporation on the properties of Al-doped ZnO films

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent conducting films were successfully prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures in Ar and H₂ + Ar sputtering ambient. The effects of substrate temperature on the effectiveness of hydrogen incorporation in Al-doped ZnO films were investigated. The microstructural, electrical and optical properties of AZO films were systematically analyzed by surface profiler, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope, four-point probe measurement and UV/vis spectrophotometer. The XRD patterns and SEM pictures indicate that the crystallinity of AZO thin films was markedly improved with hydrogen incorporation at low substrate temperature, while the improvement of crystallinity was not an obvious change at high substrate temperature. The results also indicate that hydrogen incorporation has the stronger effectiveness on the transparent conductive properties of AZO films with the substrate temperature decreasing. The resistivity of the films decreases, especially for lower substrate temperatures, due to the incorporation of hydrogen atoms. These results suggest that substrate temperature should be controlled to the lower level to effectively reduce resistivity without detriment to transmittance of AZO thin films when hydrogen is incorporated.     

Electrical Properties of an m × n Hammock Network

Electrical property is an important problem in the field of natural science and physics, which usually involves potential, current and resistance in the electric circuit. We investigate the electrical properties of an arbitrary hammock network, which has not been resolved before, and propose the exact potential formula of an arbitrary m × n hammock network by means of the Recursion-Transform method with current parameters(RT-I) pioneered by one of us [Z. Z. Tan, Phys. Rev. E 91(2015) 052122], and the branch currents and equivalent resistance of the network are derived naturally. Our key technique is to setting up matrix equations and making matrix transformation, the potential formula derived is a meaningful discovery, which deduces many novel applications. The discovery of potential formula of the hammock network provides new theoretical tools and techniques for related scientific research.