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51.
52.
Here, we demonstrate excellent liquid crystal (LC) vertical alignment without using an alignment layer printing process by introducing octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) into the LC mixture. Further, we investigated the alignment mechanism by analysing the surfaces of the substrates. The optimum concentration of OTS was found to be about 0.03 wt%, which is 1/100 of that in the previously reported polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)–LC system. Moreover, the OTS–LC system exhibited a more stable LC alignment compared with the POSS–LC system. These differences may arise from the different strengths of surface–dopant interactions; that is, the covalent bond in the OTS–LC system and the van der Waals interactions in the POSS–LC system. We also demonstrated that the method can be used in a capillary tube, which may serve as a new method facilitating the application of LCs with curved surfaces. 相似文献
53.
Sang Ick LeeSeung Uk Son Mi Ra ChoiYoung Keun Chung Sueg-Geun Lee 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(25):4705-4709
Cobalt on charcoal (Co/C) can be used as a catalyst in the tandem carbocycloaddition reaction of 1,6-diyne and carbon monoxide. The reaction product is dependent upon the reaction temperature, the position of the functional group, and the substrate itself. 相似文献
54.
Gopalakrishnan Aridoss Min Sung Kim Se Mo Son Jong Tae Kim Yeon Tae Jeong 《先进技术聚合物》2010,21(12):881-887
Organic–inorganic composites composed of electrically conducting copolymer p‐phenylenediamine‐ co‐o‐aminophenol and carboxylic acid functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes [poly(pPD‐co‐oAP)/c‐MWNTs] were prepared via in situ emulsion pathway using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an emulsifier and potassium persulphate as an oxidant. Acid functionalized MWNTs were used as cores in the formation of tubular shells of the composites. TEM and FESEM analysis showed that a tubular layer of coated copolymer film of several nanometer thicknesses is present on the c‐MWNTs surfaces. FT‐IR spectra endorsed the formation of composites. TGA results indicated that the decomposition temperatures of composites were higher than the bare copolymer. UV‐visible absorption spectra of diluted colloidal dispersion of composites were similar to those of the bare copolymer. The composites were also confirmed by XRD and XPS. Room‐temperature conductivity increases with an increasing fraction of c‐MWNTs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Kim SH Gwon SY Bae JS Son YA 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2011,78(1):234-237
A new donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type isophorone dye was synthesized by the condensation reaction between 2-(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)-malononitrile and indole-3-carboxaldehyde. The chemical structure of the dye was characterized by 1H NMR, EA and MS. A novel, chromogenic, fluorescent dye based on indol as donor unit and isophorone as acceptor unit displayed marked UV-visible absorption changes and highly selective fluorescence quenching in the presence of fluoride ion. The dye also exhibited sizeable colour changes when used as a pH-induced molecular switch and as a detector for volatile organic compounds. The absorption and fluorescent intensity of the dye can be reversibly selected by protonation/deprotonation of the amine moiety via control of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), leading to a molecular switch with "on" and "off" states. 相似文献
56.
The separation of six-component blends of chemically similar homopolymers utilising the full adsorption-desorption (FAD)
process is presented. The main advantage of the FAD approach over other methods represents the successive and independent
size- exclusion chromatography (SEC) characterisation of all blend components. The method is based on the full adsorption
and retention of all n or n−1 components of the polymer blend from an adsorption promoting liquid (ADSORLI) in a small FAD column. Nonadsorbed macromolecules
are forwarded directly into SEC for molecular characterisation. Next, appropriate displacers are successively applied to the
FAD column to selectively release preadsorbed blend constituents into the on-line SEC column. Dynamic integral desorption
isotherms for single constituents, as well as for polymer blends to be analysed, allow identification of optimal displacer
compositions to release just one kind of macromolecule. Model polymer blends containing polystyrene (PS), poly(lauryl methacrylate),
poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or, alternatively,
PS, poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(methyl acrylate) and PEO of similar molar
masses can be separated and characterised in one multistep run using nonporous silica FAD packing, toluene as an ADSORLI and
its mixtures with a desorption promoting liquid such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran or dimetylformamide to form displacers
with appropriate desorption strength.
Received: 9 September 1998 Accepted in revised form: 16 November 1998 相似文献
57.
We point out that, in analogy with spin waves in antiferromagnets, all parameters describing the real-time propagation of soft pions at temperatures below the QCD chiral phase transition can be expressed in terms of static correlators. This allows, in principle, the determination of the soft pion dispersion relation on the lattice. Using scaling and universality arguments, we determine the critical behavior of the parameters of pion propagation. We predict that, when the critical temperature is approached from below, the pole mass of the pion drops despite the growth of the pion screening mass. This fact is attributed to the decrease of the pion velocity near the phase transition. 相似文献
58.
Let n ≥ 2 be an integer. In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability problem for the following functional equation f(n-1∑j=1 xj+2xn)+f(n-1∑j=1 xj-2xn)+8 n-1∑j=1f(xj)=2f(n-1∑j=1 xj) +4 n-1∑j=1[f(xj+xn)+f(xj-xn)] which contains as solutions cubic, quadratic or additive mappings. 相似文献
59.
Cat Ho Nguyen Witold Pedrycz Thang Long Duong Thai Son Tran 《International Journal of Approximate Reasoning》2013,54(1):1-21
The determination of fuzzy information granules including the estimation of their membership functions play a significant role in fuzzy system design as well as in the design of fuzzy rule based classifiers (FRBCSs). However, although linguistic terms are fundamental elements in the process of elucidating expert’s knowledge, the problem of linguistic term design along with their fuzzy-set-based semantics has not been fully addressed, since term-sets of attributes have not been interpreted as a formalized structure. Thus, the essential relationship between linguistic terms, as syntax, and the constructed fuzzy sets, as their quantitative semantics, or in other words, the problem of the natural semantics of terms behind the linguistic literal has not been addressed. In this paper, we introduce the problem of the design of optimal linguistic terms and propose a method of the design of FRBCSs which may incorporate with the design of linguistic terms to ensure that the presence of linguistic literals are supported not only by data but also by their natural semantics. It is shown that this problem plays a primordial role in enhancing the performance and the interpretability of the designed FRBCSs and helps striking a better balance between the generality and the specificity of the desired fuzzy rule bases for fuzzy classification problems. A series of experiments concerning 17 Machine Learning datasets is reported. 相似文献
60.
Six new ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of the endemic Vietnamese medicinal plant Croton tonkinensis GAGNEP. (Euphorbiaceae) together with three known ent-11alpha-acetoxy-7beta,14alpha-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (1), ent-kaur-16-en-15-one 18-oic acid (5) and ent-18-hydroxykaur-16-ene (7). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses to be ent-7beta-acetoxy-11alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (2), ent-18-acetoxy-11alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (3), ent-11alpha-acetoxykaur-16-en-18-oic acid (4), ent-15alpha,18-dihydroxykaur-16-ene (6), ent-11alpha,18-diacetoxy-7beta-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one (8), and ent-(16S)-1alpha,14alpha-diacetoxy-7beta-hydroxy-17-methoxykauran-15-one (14). ent-Kaurane-type diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis 2-4, 6, and 9-13, were tested for toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay. Compounds 9, 10, and 12 demonstrated significant activity, compounds 2, 3, 6, and 11 showed weak activity, and compounds 4 and 13 were inactive. 相似文献