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161.
Alvarez A Ochoa E Verdecia Y Suárez M Solá M Martín N 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(8):3256-3262
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides bearing the biologically active 1,4-dihydropiridine ring to C(60) was investigated by means of quantum mechanical calculations at the semiempirical AM1 and DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) methods. The presence of two chiral centers and one chiral axis in the resulting fulleropyrrolidines leads to four possible [6,6] cycloaddition products. Formation of atropoisomers has also been considered. The transition-state structures were computed for the four different cycloaddition pathways to find out the lowest activation energy stereoisomer. In all cases, a frequency analysis and an IRC calculation were carried out to fully characterize the located transition-state structures. AM1 results and single-point energy calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G//AM1 level for the four transition-state structures yield activation energies values below 5 kcal/mol. 相似文献
162.
The enzyme-catalysed reduction of nitrate was studied utilising Aspergillus niger nitrate reductase (NR) and phenosafranin in solution as the enzyme regenerator, working at lower potentials than that of the more common methyl viologen mediator. Cyclic voltammograms when enzyme, phenosafranin and substrate were together put in evidence the enzyme-catalysed reduction of nitrate, although with a relatively slow kinetics. From slope values not dependent on mediator concentration, the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was evaluated. Analytical parameters for the enzyme-modified electrode in the presence of phenosafranin for the determination of nitrate content in water were assessed, including a recovery assay for nitrate added to a river water sample. The stability of the electrode was checked. 相似文献
163.
Fontes M Verdaguer X Solà L Vidal-Ferran A Reddy KS Riera A Pericàs MA 《Organic letters》2002,4(14):2381-2383
[reaction: see text] The addition of diethylzinc to dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes of acetylenes mediated by (R)-2-piperidino-1,1,2-triphenylethanol takes place with very high enantioselectivity (96-99% ee) to afford the S enantiomers of dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes of 1-alkynyl-1-propanols. The utility of this process is exemplified by the development of a short, highly enantioselective (99% ee) synthesis of unnatural incrustoporin. 相似文献
164.
In this work, we have analyzed the local aromaticity of the six-membered rings (6-MRs) of planar and pyramidalized pyracylene species through the structurally based harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), the electronically based para-delocalization index (PDI), and the magnetic-based nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) measurements, as well as with maps of ring current density. According to ring currents and PDI and HOMA indicators of aromaticity, there is a small reduction of local aromaticity in the 6-MRs of pyracylene with a bending of the molecule. In the case of NICS, the results depend on whether the NICS value is calculated at the center of the ring (NICS(0)) or at 1 A above (NICS(1)(out)) or below (NICS(1)(in)) the ring plane. While NICS(1)(out) values also indicate a slight decrease of aromaticity with bending, NICS(0) and NICS(1)(in) wrongly point out a large increase of aromaticity upon distortion. We have demonstrated that the NICS(0) reduction in the 6-MRs of pyracylene upon bending is due to (a) a strong reduction of the paratropic currents in 5-MRs and (b) the fact that, due to the distortion, the paratropic currents point their effects in other directions. 相似文献
165.
Mar’ia D. Virto ISabel Agud Sol Montero Alicia Blanco Rodolfo Solozabal Jos’e M. Lascaray Mar’ia J. Llama Juan L. Serra L. Carlos Landeta Mertxe De Renobales 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1995,50(2):127-136
Immobilized lipase (triacylglycerol ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) fromCandida rugosa has been immobilized on commercially available microporous polypropylene and used for the batch hydrolysis of different animal
fats. The effect of the reaction products at concentrations similar to those obtained at 90% hydrolysis, both on soluble and
immobilized lipase, was studied. Glycerol showed low inhibitory effect but oleic acid caused 50% inhibition. A mixture of
free fatty acids present in the complete hydrolysis of beef tallow inhibited lipase activity more than 70%. The stability
of the enzyme (both soluble and immobilized) was highest in the presence of 20% isooctane. The apparent Michaelis constant
for each substrate for the soluble enzyme did not change on immobilization. 相似文献
166.
Juan Andrés Paul W. Ayers Roberto A. Boto Ramon Carbó-Dorca Henry Chermette Jerzy Cioslowski Julia Contreras-García David L. Cooper Gernot Frenking Carlo Gatti Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh Laurent Joubert Ángel Martín Pendás Eduard Matito István Mayer Alston J. Misquitta Yirong Mo Julien Pilmé Paul L. A. Popelier Martin Rahm Eloy Ramos-Cordoba Pedro Salvador W. H. Eugen Schwarz Shant Shahbazian Bernard Silvi Miquel Solà Krzysztof Szalewicz Vincent Tognetti Frank Weinhold Émilie-Laure Zins 《Journal of computational chemistry》2019,40(26):2248-2283
167.
168.
Poater J Fradera X Duran M Solà M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(2):400-406
This work introduces a new local aromaticity measure, defined as the mean of Bader's electron delocalization index (DI) of para-related carbon atoms in six-membered rings. This new electronic criterion of aromaticity is based on the fact that aromaticity is related to the cyclic delocalized distribution of pi-electrons. We have found that this DI and the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index are strongly correlated for a series of six-membered rings in eleven planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The correlation between the DI and the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values is less remarkable, although in general six-membered rings with larger DI values also have more negative NICS indices. We have shown that this index can also be applied, with some modifications, to study of the aromaticity in five-membered rings. 相似文献
169.
Aromaticity and reactivity are two deeply connected concepts. Most of the thermally allowed cycloadditions take place through aromatic transition states, while transition states of thermally forbidden reactions are usually less aromatic, if at all. In this work, we perform a numerical experiment to discuss the change of aromaticity that occurs along the reaction paths that connect two antiaromatic units of cyclobutadiene to form cubane and two aromatic rings of benzene to yield hexaprismane. It is found that the aromaticity profile along the reaction coordinate of the [4+4] cycloaddition of two antiaromatic cyclobutadiene molecules goes through an aromatic highest energy point and finishes to an antiaromatic cubane species. Up to our knowledge, this represents the first example of a theoretically and thermally forbidden reaction path that goes through an intermediate aromatic region. In contrast, the aromaticity profile in the [6+6] cycloaddition of two aromatic benzene rings show a slow steady decrease of aromaticity from reactants to the highest energy point and from this to the final hexaprismane molecule a plunge of aromaticity is observed. In both systems, the main change of aromaticity occurs abruptly near the highest energy point, when the distance between the centers of the two rings is about 2.2 Å. 相似文献
170.
D. Jaque J.A. Sanz-García J. Capmany J. García Solé 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2000,70(4):483-486
Red laser radiation at 693 nm has been obtained from a LiNbO:ZnO:Nd crystal by self-frequency-doubling its fundamental laser
line at 1386 nm. Pumping was achieved by means of a Ti:sapphire laser. In preliminary experiments a red laser power of 2.3 mW
has been obtained for a total absorbed pump power of 800 mW. External second-harmonic experiments (1386–693 nm) are used to
investigate some basic non-linear properties such as phase-matching angle, angular and thermal acceptances of this process.
Received: 21 June 1999 / Revised version: 15 August 1999 / Published online: 30 November 1999 相似文献