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731.
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to help develop lab-on-a-chip devices. Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials. A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. This review critically discusses the biofunctionalization procedures, assay formats and characterization techniques employed in setting up IO biosensors. In addition, it provides the most relevant results obtained from using these devices for real sample biosensing. Finally, an overview of the most promising future developments in the fields of chemical surface modification and capture agent attachment for IO biosensors follows. 相似文献
732.
Matthew R. JacobsAuthor Vitae Emily F. HilderAuthor VitaeRobert A. Shellie 《Analytica chimica acta》2013
Gas chromatography is widely applied to separate, identify, and quantify components of samples in a timely manner. Increasing demand for analytical throughput, instrument portability, environmental sustainability, and more economical analysis necessitates the development of new gas chromatography instrumentation. The applications of resistive column heating technologies have been espoused for nearly thirty years and resistively heated gas chromatography has been commercially available for the last ten years. Despite this lengthy period of existence, resistively heated gas chromatography has not been universally adopted. This low rate of adoption may be partially ascribed to the saturation of the market with older convection oven technology, coupled with other analytical challenges such as sampling, injection, detection and data processing occupying research. This article assesses the advantages and applications of resistive heating in gas chromatography and discusses practical considerations associated with adoption of this technology. 相似文献
733.
Rahim Hekmatshoar Sodeh Sadjadi Samaheh Sadjadi Majid M. Heravi Yahya S. Beheshtiha Fatemeh F. Bamoharram 《合成通讯》2013,43(11):1708-1716
An efficient synthetic method of six- and five-member nitrogen heterocyclic compounds was developed. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were prepared by condensation of the β-dicarbonyl compounds with the corresponding β- or γ-amino alcohols, subsequent cyclization, and spontaneous aromatization in the presence of a catalytic amount of Keggin-type heteropoly acids under very mild conditions. 相似文献
734.
Majid M. Heravi Yahya S. Beheshtiha Zahra Pirnia Samaheh Sadjadi Mina Adibi 《合成通讯》2013,43(20):3663-3667
4H-Pyrans are synthesized through one-pot, three-component reaction of benzaldehyde, malononitrile, and ethyl acetoacetate using Cu(II) oxymetasilicate as an efficient, reusable catalyst. The procedure offers advantages in terms of better yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, and reusability of the catalyst. 相似文献
735.
Rahim Hekmatshoar Ghodsieh Nanva Kenary Sodeh Sadjadi Yahya S. Beheshtiha 《合成通讯》2013,43(13):2007-2013
An efficient method for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles by three-component reaction of malononitrile, aldehydes, and N-unsubstituted amidines, under aqueous conditions, using ZnO nanoparticles as catalyst is reported. The catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and is recyclable. 相似文献
736.
737.
Roberto Luiz Andrade HaidukeAuthor Vitae Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-FilhoAuthor Vitae 《Polyhedron》2011,30(8):1396-1403
We employed the Density Functional Theory along with small basis sets, B3LYP/LANL2DZ, for the study of FeTIM complexes with different pairs of axial ligands (CO, H2O, NH3, imidazole and CH3CN). These calculations did not result in relevant changes of molecular quantities as bond lengths, vibrational frequencies and electronic populations supporting any significant back-donation to the carbonyl or acetonitrile axial ligands. Moreover, a back-donation mechanism to the macrocycle cannot be used to explain the observed changes in molecular properties along these complexes with CO or CH3CN. This work also indicates that complexes with CO show smaller binding energies and are less stable than complexes with CH3CN. Further, the electronic band with the largest intensity in the visible region (or close to this region) is associated to the transition from an occupied 3d orbital on iron to an empty π∗ orbital located at the macrocycle. The energy of this Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) transition shows a linear relation to the total charge of the macrocycle in these complexes as given by Mulliken or Natural Population Analysis (NPA) formalisms. Finally, the macrocycle total charge seems to be influenced by the field induced by the axial ligands. 相似文献
738.
Seyed Javad Ahmadi Sodeh Sadjadi Morteza Hosseinpour 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2011,44(24):1163-1168
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of 4-amino-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles by the three-component reaction of malononitrile, aldehydes, and N-unsubstituted amidines under aqueous conditions using CuO microspheres as catalyst is reported. The catalyst exhibited remarkable reusable activity. 相似文献739.
Jhillu S. Yadav Author Vitae Aneesh Antony Author VitaeAuthor Vitae Basi V. Subba Reddy Author Vitae 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2011,696(1):16-36
The electrophilic activation(C-H activation) of alkenes by transition metal catalysts is a fundamental step in a rapidly growing number of catalytic processes since it would provide simple, clean, and economic methods for making controlled and selectively functionalized organic moieties directly from simple olefins. Also catalytic activation of C-H bonds leading to useful organic reactions such as new C-C, C-N and C-O bond formation is of considerable interest for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and remained a long-term challenge to chemists. A substantial progress has made in the last decade in this area. Contrary to traditional belief, it is nowadays possible to control the regiochemistry of various additions of nucleophiles to alkenes by the choice of transition metal catalysts. Atom economy, an inevitable factor of current research also can be accomplished in these reactions. Developments in this area of selective hydrofunctionalisation of alkenes by taking into consideration of the mechanistic aspects and the role of organometallic catalyst or active species formed during the reaction on the outcome of the reactions are reviewed. 相似文献
740.
Zi-Ling Xue Author Vitae Laurel A. Morton Author Vitae 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》2011,696(25):3924-3934
Studies from authors’ group (at the University of Tennessee) on alkylidene complexes and α-H migration in alkyl alkylidyne complexes, leading to unusual tautomerization equilibria between bis-alkylidenes and alkyl alkylidynes, are reviewed. Preparation of silyl alkylidene complexes (Me3ECH2)2Ta(CHEMe3)(SiR3) [R3 = (SiMe3)3, E = C, 3a, Si, 3b; R3 = ButPh2, E = C, 4a, Si, 4b] and the pathway in the formation of 3b are discussed first. Pathways in the formation of archetypical Schrock-type alkyl alkylidenes (Me3ECH2)3TaCHEMe3 (E = C, 5a; Si, 5b), including the work using Ta(CD2CMe3)5 (21-d10) to confirm that it is the precursor to (Me3CCD2)3TaCDCMe3 (5a-d7), are then considered. Tautomerization of silyl alkylidyne (Me3CCH2)2W(CCMe3)(SiButPh2) (6a) with bis-alkylidene (Me3CCH2)W(CHCMe3)2(SiButPh2) (6b) as well as (Me3SiCH2)3W(CSiMe3)(PR3) [R3 = Me3, 7a; Me2Ph, 8a; Me2(CH2)2PMe2 (DMPE-P), 9a] with (Me3SiCH2)2W(CHSiMe3)2(PR3) (R3 = Me3, 7b; Me2Ph, 8b; DMPE-P, 9b) [P refers to a dangling P atom in Me2P(CH2)2PMe2] is covered next. Finally the conversion of the tungsten phosphine tautomerization mixtures to alkyl alkylidene alkylidyne (Me3SiCH2)W(CHSiMe3)(CSiMe3)(PR3)2 [(PR3)2 = (PMe3)2, 10; (PMe2Ph)2, 11; DMPE, 12], including its pathway, is presented. 相似文献