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991.
Martin Vitkovič Maha S. M. Noaman Martin T. Palou Soňa Jantová 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2009,7(2):246-251
The present work was undertaken to investigate the bioactivity and cytotoxicity of fluorhydroxyapatite ceramics. The bioactivity
was evaluated by in vitro testing in simulated body fluid (SBF), in which ion concentrations are almost identical with inorganic
ion concentrations of human blood plasma. Pellets of FA, HA and FHA were immersed in SBF for 48 hours, 1 week and 4 weeks
at 36.5°C. Changes of the surface microstructure of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 48 hours
and one week immersion in SBF did not result in any substantial progress in bioactivity. After 4 weeks in SBF a new biologically
active layer was created on the surface of the biomaterials. In addition, the embryonal mouse fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3
was used for a comparative study of basal cytotoxicity of FHA, HA and FA discs. The sensitivity of these cells for tested
biomaterials was evaluated on the basis of two cytotoxic end points: cell proliferation and cell morphology. The basal cytotoxicity
of FHA, FA and HA discs was measured by a direct contact method. After 24, 48 and 72 hours, the cell growth was evaluated
by direct counting of non-affected cells and cells treated by biomaterials. After 72 hours of biomaterials treatment, about
25% inhibition of cell number and unchanged morphology was found.
相似文献
992.
In this paper, a multi-period stochastic optimization model for solving a problem of optimal selection of a pension fund by
a pension plan member is presented. In our model, members of the pension plan are given a possibility to switch periodically
between J types of funds with different risk profiles and so actively manage their risk exposure and expected return. Minimization
of a multi-period average value-at-risk deviation measure under expected return constraint leads to a large-scale linear program.
A theoretical framework and a solution for the case of the pension system of Slovak Republic are presented. 相似文献
993.
C. Amole M. D. Ashkezari G. B. Andresen M. Baquero-Ruiz W. Bertsche P. D. Bowe E. Butler C. L. Cesar S. Chapman M. Charlton A. Deller S. Eriksson J. Fajans T. Friesen M. C. Fujiwara D. R. Gill A. Gutierrez J. S. Hangst W. N. Hardy R. S. Hayano M. E. Hayden A. J. Humphries R. Hydomako S. Jonsell L. Kurchaninov N. Madsen S. Menary P. Nolan K. Olchanski A. Olin A. Povilus P. Pusa F. Robicheaux E. Sarid D. M. Silveira C. So J. W. Storey R. I. Thompson D. P. van der Werf J. S. Wurtele Y. Yamazaki 《Hyperfine Interactions》2012,212(1-3):101-107
The ALPHA experiment, located at CERN, aims to compare the properties of antihydrogen atoms with those of hydrogen atoms. The neutral antihydrogen atoms are trapped using an octupole magnetic trap. The trap region is surrounded by a three layered silicon detector used to reconstruct the antiproton annihilation vertices. This paper describes a method we have devised that can be used for reconstructing annihilation vertices with a good resolution and is more efficient than the standard method currently used for the same purpose. 相似文献
994.
William Alan Bertsche G. B. Andresen M. D. Ashkezari M. Baquero-Ruiz P. D. Bowe P. T. Carpenter E. Butler C. L. Cesar S. F. Chapman M. Charlton S. Eriksson J. Fajans T. Friesen M. C. Fujiwara D. R. Gill A. Gutierrez J. S. Hangst W. N. Hardy R. S. Hayano M. E. Hayden A. J. Humphries J. L. Hurt R. Hydomako S. Jonsell L. Kurchaninov N. Madsen S. Menary P. Nolan K. Olchanski A. Olin A. Povilus P. Pusa F. Robicheaux E. Sarid D. M. Silveira C. So J. W. Storey R. I. Thompson D. P. van der Werf J. S. Wurtele Y. Yamazaki 《Hyperfine Interactions》2012,212(1-3):61-67
In efforts to trap antihydrogen, a key problem is the vast disparity between the neutral trap energy scale ( $\sim\!50\,\upmu\mathrm{eV}$ ), and the energy scales associated with plasma confinement and space charge (~1 eV). In order to merge charged particle species for direct recombination, the larger energy scale must be overcome in a manner that minimizes the initial antihydrogen kinetic energy. This issue motivated the development of a novel injection technique utilizing the inherent nonlinear nature of particle oscillations in our traps. We demonstrated controllable excitation of the center-of-mass longitudinal motion of a thermal antiproton plasma using a swept-frequency autoresonant drive. When the plasma is cold, dense and highly collective in nature, we observe that the entire system behaves as a single-particle nonlinear oscillator, as predicted by a recent theory. In contrast, only a fraction of the antiprotons in a warm or tenuous plasma can be similarly excited. Antihydrogen was produced and trapped by using this technique to drive antiprotons into a positron plasma, thereby initiating atomic recombination. The nature of this injection overcomes some of the difficulties associated with matching the energies of the charged species used to produce antihydrogen. 相似文献
995.
We propose a process map for diode-laser heat treatment of carbon steels. After first identifying a heat treatable region in terms of laser intensity and interaction time using a heat conduction model, two most important factors in heat treatment, carbon diffusion time in austenite and cooling time, are calculated and plotted in the heat treatable region. Because overall characteristics of laser heat treatment for a given steel type can be graphically visualized on a map, this map can be used in the determination of optimal process parameters. Hardening depth is also calculated using the concept of the critical effective carbon diffusion time. For demonstration and validation purposes, we have systematically conducted laser heat treatment on AISI 1020 and 1035 steel specimens using a 3 kW diode laser and measured surface hardness and hardening depth. The experimental results are in agreement with the calculated process map. 相似文献
996.
Jonas Žurauskas Dr. Soňa Boháčová Dr. Shangze Wu Dr. Valeria Butera Simon Schmid Michał Domański Dr. Tomáš Slanina Dr. Joshua P. Barham 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(44):e202307550
Electron-deficient acridones and in situ generated acridinium salts are reported as potent, closed-shell photooxidants that undergo surprising mechanisms. When bridging acyclic triarylamine catalysts with a carbonyl group (acridones), this completely diverts their behavior away from open-shell, radical cationic, ‘beyond diffusion’ photocatalysis to closed-shell, neutral, diffusion-controlled photocatalysis. Brønsted acid activation of acridones dramatically increases excited state oxidation power (by +0.8 V). Upon reduction of protonated acridones, they transform to electron-deficient acridinium salts as even more potent photooxidants (*E1/2=+2.56–3.05 V vs SCE). These oxidize even electron-deficient arenes where conventional acridinium salt photooxidants have thusfar been limited to electron-rich arenes. Surprisingly, upon photoexcitation these electron-deficient acridinium salts appear to undergo two electron reductive quenching to form acridinide anions, spectroscopically-detected as their protonated forms. This new behaviour is partly enabled by a catalyst preassembly with the arene, and contrasts to conventional SET reductive quenching of acridinium salts. Critically, this study illustrates how redox active chromophoric molecules initially considered photocatalysts can transform during the reaction to catalytically active species with completely different redox and spectroscopic properties. 相似文献
997.
In Tae Kim Sang Woo Lee Tae Hyoung Kwak Jung Youl Lee Hyang Suk Park So Young Kim Chang Min Lee Hoi Eun Jung Jun‐Gill Kang Tack‐Jin Kim Hee‐Jung Kang ChangMoon Park Ronald L. Elsenbaumer 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2002,23(9):551-554
Oxidative coupling reaction of 1‐hexyl–3,4‐dimethylpyrrole affords a conjugated conducting poly(1‐hexyl‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐pyrrolylene) (PHDP), which is completely soluble in common organic solvents. The luminescence of PHDP is comparable to that of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK), which has been widely used in electroluminescence devices. The quantum efficiency of PHDP is 2.5 times higher than that of PVK. A rationalization is presented relating the conductivity of PHDP to its polymer structure. 相似文献
998.
Po-Hsiang Tang Pamela Berilyn So Zi-Jing Lin Chia-Chun Hsieh Lee-Jene Lai Chia-Her Lin 《中国化学会会志》2023,70(5):1108-1115
This paper mainly discusses the applicability of using soft x-ray tomography technology to examine the multidimensional structure of metal–organic frameworks, such as their core-shell and hollow framework, by visually observing their corresponding images in different energy bands by different excitation energies for different elements. The results show that the use of soft x-ray tomography (SXT) can effectively observe the distribution of metals in the structure, as well as observe the type of hollow pores the metal – organic framework (MOF) possesses. This pioneering evaluation of MOFs via SXT shows excellent performance in the structure identification of multidimensional metal–organic frameworks. 相似文献
999.
Péter Angyal András M. Kotschy Ádám Dudás Dr. Szilárd Varga Dr. Tibor Soós 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,135(2):e202214096
A widely applicable, practical, and scalable synthetic method for efficient ene-type double oxidation of alkenes is reported via a two-step alkenyl thianthrenium umpolung/Kornblum-Ganem oxidation strategy. This chemo- and stereoselective procedure allows easy access to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyls that may be otherwise difficult or cumbersome to synthesize by conventional methods. For α-olefins, this metal-free transformation can be tuned according to synthetic needs to produce either the elusive (Z)-unsaturated aldehydes or their (E) counterparts. Moreover, this strategy has enabled streamlined synthesis of distinct butadienyl pheromones and kairomones. 相似文献
1000.
Péter Angyal Kristóf Hegedüs Bence Balázs Mészáros Dr. János Daru Ádám Dudás Anna Rita Galambos Nariman Essmat Dr. Mahmoud Al-Khrasani Dr. Szilárd Varga Dr. Tibor Soós 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(35):e202303700
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a kratom metabolite, has attracted increasing attention due to its favorable side effect profile as compared to conventional opioids. Herein, we describe the first enantioselective and scalable total synthesis of this natural product and its epimeric congener, speciogynine pseudoindoxyl. The characteristic spiro-5-5-6-tricyclic system of these alkaloids was formed through a protecting-group-free cascade relay process in which oxidized tryptamine and secologanin analogues were used. Furthermore, we discovered that mitragynine pseudoindoxyl acts not as a single molecular entity but as a dynamic ensemble of stereoisomers in protic environments; thus, it exhibits structural plasticity in biological systems. Accordingly, these synthetic, structural, and biological studies provide a basis for the planned design of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl analogues, which can guide the development of next-generation analgesics. 相似文献