Biohybrid nanogels by crosslinking of ovalbumin with reactive star‐PEGs in W/O emulsions

This article reports the synthesis of biohybrid nanogels by crosslinking six‐arm acrylate functionalized star shaped P(EO‐stat‐PO) with the amine groups of various amino acids of a hen egg ovalbumin in W/O emulsion. PEG Poly(ethylene glycol)‐diamines of different molecular weights (368.5 g/mol, 897.1 g/mol, 3000 g/mol, and 6000 g/mol) were used to optimize the crosslinking reactions in aqueous droplets. The increase of molecular weight of the PEG‐diamine led to decrease of the nanogel size due to better stabilization by longer PEG chains. The size of the ovalbumin nanogels was independent of the acrylate‐sP(EO‐stat‐PO):ovalbumin ratio in the reaction mixture. The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay proved that the ovalbumin has been effectively crosslinked by reactive prepolymers. From the results of BCA assay, it can also be established that there exists a limiting amount of ovalbumin which can be incorporated into the nanogels. Both Diamine and ovalbumin‐based nanogels exhibit amphoteric behavior and display a positive charge in acidic and a negative charge in basic environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Strong Convergence of New Iteration Process for a Strongly Continuous Semigroup of Asymptotically Pseudocontractive Mappings

In this article, we establish strong convergence theorems for fixed points of strongly continuous semigroup of uniformly Lipschitzian asymptotically pseudocontractive mappings, in the framework of real Banach space.     

Acetylcholinesterase immobilised eggshell membrane-based optical biosensor for organophosphate detection

The development of an optical biosensor for the determination of malathion based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition using Ellman’s reagent is reported. The AChE has been immobilised onto the eggshell membrane (ESM) using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies and Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) characterisations have been carried out to affirm the successful immobilisation of AChE onto the ESM. Under optimum conditions, the developed biosensor estimated the pesticide concentration in the range of 0.1–50 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng/mL within 30 min. Parameters affecting the biosensor response such as concentration of enzyme, substrate and inhibition time were optimised. The stability and reusability of the AChE/ESM sensor have been observed as 31 days at 4°C and two times, respectively.     

Coacervation of Elastin‐Like Recombinamer Microgels

The investigation of the coacervation (self‐aggregation) behavior of biomicrogels which can potentially be used as drug carriers is an important topic, because self‐aggregation can not only cause loss of activity, but also toxicity and immunogenicity. To study this effect microgels from elastin‐like recombinamer are synthesized using miniemulsion technique. The existence of coacervation for such microgels, at different concentrations and temperatures, is studied and proved by cryo‐field emission scanning clectron microscopy (cryo‐FESEM), cryo‐transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM), and by a novel ¹H high‐resolution magic angle sample spinning (HRMAS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and relaxometry methods. The findings by ¹H HRMAS NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry show simultaneous processes of volume phase temperature transition and coacervation with different sensitivity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid side‐chains in the microgel. The coacervation process is more evidential by the behavior of glycine α‐CH₂, ¹H NMR peak as compared to the proline β‐CH₂.

     

Magnetised Strings in Λ-Dominated Anisotropic Universe

In this paper, we have searched the existence of Λ-dominated anisotropic universe filled with magnetized strings. The observed acceleration of universe has been explained by introducing a positive cosmological constant Λ in the Einstein’s field equation which is mathematically equivalent to dark energy with equation of state (EOS) parameter set equal to ?1. The present values of the matter and the dark energy parameters (Ω_m)₀ & (Ω_Λ)₀ are estimated for high red shift (.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.4) SN Ia supernova data’s of observed apparent magnitude along with their possible error taken from Union 2.1 compilation. It is found that the best fit value for (Ω_m)₀ & (Ω_Λ)₀ are 0.2920 & 0.7076 respectively which are in good agreement with recent astrophysical observations in the latest surveys like WMAP and Plank. Various physical parameters such as the matter and dark energy densities, the present age of the universe and the present value of deceleration parameter have been obtained on the basis of the values of (Ω_m)₀ & (Ω_Λ)₀.Also, we have estimated that the acceleration would have begun in the past at z = 0.6845 i. e. 6.2341 Gyrs before from now.     

Structural and spectral studies of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes derived from N,N,N,N-tetradentate macrocyclic ligands

Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes having the general composition [M(L)] X2 (where M=Pd(II) and Pt(II), L=3,4,12,13-tetraphenyl-2,5,11,14,19,20-hexaaza tricyclo [13.3.1.1.(6-10)] cosa-1(19), 2,4,6,8,10,(20),11,13,15,17-decaene (L1); 3,4,13,14-tetraphenyl-2,5,12,15-tetraaza tricyclo [11,0,0,(6-11)] cosa-1(16),2,4,7,9,6(11),12,14,17, 19-decaene (L2); 2,3,8,9-tetraphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraaza cyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetraene (L3) and X=Cl(-)) have been synthesized. The ligands were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR and EI mass spectral studies while that of the complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, and electronic spectral techniques. All the complexes were found to be diamagnetic. The structures consist of monomeric units in which the Pd(II) and Pt(II) atoms exhibit square planar geometry.     

A Study of Separable Solutions of a Generalized Burgers Equation

This paper concerns the separable solutions of a generalized Burgers equation. Existence of separable solutions to the generalized Burgers equation is proved under certain conditions. A careful numerical study shows that these separable solutions of the generalized Burgers equation describe the large time asymptotic behavior of solutions of initial boundary value problems.