Corrosion inhibition performance of 1,3,5-triazinyl urea derivatives as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1?N HCL

The inhibition effect of 1,3,5-triazinyl urea derivatives, viz. 1-(4-cyclohexyl amino)-6-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl ethyl amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-3-p-tolyurea (4-CADT) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-(cyclohexyl amino)-6-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl ethyl amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) urea (4-CCADT), were evaluated against mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 N HCl solutions using conventional weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopic studies. The losses in weights of MS samples have proved that both were efficient corrosion inhibitors. The mixed mode of inhibition was confirmed by electrochemical polarizations and the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have shown the changes in the impedance parameters like charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance to confirm the strong adsorption on the MS surface inhibition of MS. The changes in concentrations of the inhibitors were due to the adsorption of the molecules evaluated leading to the formation of a protective layer on the surface of MS. The inhibition action of these compounds was assumed to occur via adsorption on the steel surface through the active centers contained in the molecules.     

Evaluation of flame retardancy and shear resistivity characteristics of organoclay within acrylate polymer

The present work focuses on the effect of organically modified nanoclays on the fire resistance and processability characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). PMMA nanocomposite of cloisite 30B (methyl tallow bis-2 hydroxyethyl quarternary ammonium salt modifier) (C30B) was prepared by melt blending technique. A comparative study of flame retardant characteristics of virgin and filled matrix was carried out using cone calorimeter at a heat flux of 50 kW m^?2, and the service temperature range was analyzed from thermogravimetric analysis. Parallel plate rheometry revealed the variation in processability as a function of C30B reinforcement and corresponding melt strength of the samples was evaluated through complex viscosity, storage, and loss modulus. Similarly, application-level modulus values were evaluated through viscoelastic properties by dynamic mechanical analysis. Supportive information for the observations from the above characterization was conducted using morphological studies by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.     

A new butenolide cinnamate and other biological active chemical constituents from Polygonum glabrum

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Polygonum glabrum afforded one new natural product ( ? )-2-methoxy-2-butenolide-3-cinnamate (1) along with six known compounds, β-hydroxyfriedalanol (2), 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene (3), ( ? ) pinocembrin (4), sitosterol-(6′-O-palmitoyl)-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), ( ? ) pinocembrin-5-methyl ether (6) and sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7). Compound 1 showed promising in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity against primary isolates HIV-1_UG070 (X4, subtype D) and HIV-1_VB59 (R5, subtype C) assayed using TZM-bl cell line with IC₅₀ in the range of 15.68–22.43 μg/mL. The extract showed TI in the range of 19.19–27.37 with IC₅₀ in the range of 10.90–15.55 μg/mL. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 exhibited in vitro anti-mycobacterium activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra with IC₅₀ values of 1.43, 3.33 and 1.11 μg/mL in dormant phase and 2.27, 3.33 and 1.21 μg/mL in active phase, respectively. Compound 4 was found to be the most active antiproliferative with IC₅₀ values of 1.88–11.00 μg/mL against THP-1, A549, Panc-1, HeLa and MCF7 cell lines.     

Studies on Isopropylation of Naphthalene Over Zeolites

Isopropylation of naphthalene with isopropanol has been carried out over H-mordenite (with different Si/Al ratios), H-beta, H-Y, H-MCM-22 and H-ZSM-5 in the absence of an organic solvent. Higher conversions are obtained when the reaction is carried out in the absence of an organic solvent. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Polyurethanes as polymerizable dyes for hydrophobic polyester fabric

The present invention is to provide a novel benzothiazole-type polymerizable dye containing a urethane bond. A series of monomeric dyes have been prepared by diazotization of various 2-aminobenzothiiazole and coupled with Resorcinol. The polymeric dyes have been prepared by polycondensation of monomeric dyes with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), and they are characterized by molecular weight, non-aqueous conductometric titration, thermogravimetry analysis, IR, visible spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The monomeric dyes have also been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. The purity of all the dyes have been checked by thin layer chromatography, and their dyeing performance on nylon and polyester was assessed. The dyeing on polyester fiber had yellow, orange and pink shades with moderate to good light and wash fastness. Polymerizations of monomeric dyes with HMDI on dyed polyester have also been carried out. Color and dyeability of the polymeric dyes have been discussed by comparing them with their corresponding monomeric dyes. The percentage dye bath exhaustion and fixation on fiber have been found to be from good to very good. The dyeing of monomeric dyes showed very good color fastness properties, and their corresponding polymeric dyes showed excellent fastness to light, washing, perspiration, solvent resistance, and sublimation.     

Non-probabilistic solutions of imprecisely defined fractional-order diffusion equations

The fractional diffusion equation is one of the most important partial differential equations（PDEs） to model problems in mathematical physics. These PDEs are more practical when those are combined with uncertainties. Accordingly, this paper investigates the numerical solution of a non-probabilistic viz. fuzzy fractional-order diffusion equation subjected to various external forces. A fuzzy diffusion equation having fractional order 0 〈 α≤ 1 with fuzzy initial condition is taken into consideration. Fuzziness appearing in the initial conditions is modelled through convex normalized triangular and Gaussian fuzzy numbers. A new computational technique is proposed based on double parametric form of fuzzy numbers to handle the fuzzy fractional diffusion equation. Using the single parametric form of fuzzy numbers, the original fuzzy diffusion equation is converted first into an interval-based fuzzy differential equation. Next, this equation is transformed into crisp form by using the proposed double parametric form of fuzzy numbers. Finally, the same is solved by Adomian decomposition method（ADM） symbolically to obtain the uncertain bounds of the solution. Computed results are depicted in terms of plots. Results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the existing results in special cases.     

N-methyl-2,2′-bipyridylium ion (bpyMe) complexes: Synthesis and cyclometallation of [Pd(bpyMe)2Cl2]2+

On prolonged heating in water Pd(bpyMe)Cl₃ (bpyMe = N-methyl-2,2′-bipyridylium cation) cyclometallates to give monomeric Pd(bpyMe-H)Cl₂, whereas the immediate products are a mixture of trans-[Pd(bpyMe)₂Cl₂]²⁺ and anionic palladium species. [Pd(bpyMe)₂Cl₂]²⁺ was synthesised directly from Na₂PdCl₄ and on heating gives Pd(bpyMe-H)Cl₂ with the elimination of bpyMe and H⁺.     

Induction of pigment formation in phenolic compounds by gamma-irradiated sodium chloride

A spectrophotometric study is reported of the pigment formation from free radicals produced from o-dianisidine dihydrochloride and pyrogallol by the action of -irradiated sodium chloride. The species liberated during dissolution of the -irradiated salt also greatly enhance the rate of catalytic formation of the pigment due to peroxidase enzyme in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The G values for these systems are compared.