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Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   
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Induced ferroelectric S*C phases are formed by non-chiral SC host phases doped with chiral dipolar guest molecules. In those mixtures the spontaneous polarization Ps and the tilt angle Θ has been investigated as a function of the mole fraction xG of the chiral dopant. In most cases the reduced polarization P0 = PS/ sin Θ has been found to depend linearly on xG. The polarization power which is defined by δP=(∂P0/∂xGT is discussed in terms of the molecular structure of the chiral dopants. There are systems in which P0(xG) deviates positively from linearity. This behaviour can be understood by considering a local field correction to P0. By assuming a local field of Lorentz type a theoretical relation for P0(xG) has been derived which explains the experimental results. The effect of a local field is considerable if the transverse dipole moment and the polarizability of the chiral dopant are large.  相似文献   
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We present a detailed analysis of the Mg 2p shallow core-levels measured on icosahedral single-grain ZnMgY, ZnMgHo, and ZnMgEr quasicrystals during a photoelectron microscopy study. The synchrotron radiation photoemission measurements were performed on in situ cleaved samples at a pressure of 10−10 mbar and at low temperature, typically 90-150 K. The Mg 2p photoemission lines are essentially broadened as compared to those of the Mg 2p spin-orbit doublet recorded on the Zn2Mg crystalline Laves phase. The broadening is associated to the coordination shifts of the Mg 2p level due to the inequivalent magnesium sites in the quasicrystalline lattice. The coordination shifts are calculated on the basis of i-ZnMg(Ho, Y) atomic structure data, recently determined from the pair distribution function analysis. The coordination shifts obtained are up to 0.2 eV. The Mg 2p experimental spectral intensity is nicely reproduced by a superposition of coordination-shifted Mg 2p spin-orbit doublets.  相似文献   
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Summary Flow injection analysis associated with a gradient mixing technique can be used for the determination of free acidity and total acidity (sum of free and bonded hydrogen ions) in a few microliters by reaction with suitable acid/base indicators and UV/VIS-detection. A rapid analysis of the two parameters in single raindrops in dependence on their size is possible [1].  相似文献   
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We present a method to create at the same time trenches and ordered macropore arrays during photo-electrochemical etching of n-type silicon. This novel method allows in situ separation of single devices with a submicrometer precision. It also enables new device structures in macroporous silicon in the areas of photonics, sensing and electronics. The limits of this new process are simulated using electrostatic models and are verified experimentally. PACS 82.45.Yz; 81.16.-c  相似文献   
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The aim of this contribution is to study lanthanum containing fullerenes produced and treated under different conditions. The work was done using solid soot extract giving poorly resolved ESR spectra or separated lanthanofullerenes in solution showing well resolved ESR spectra. ESR experiments in connection with the mass spectrometry give information on the electronic states due to the electron transfer from the endohedral metal to the fullerene cage and the influence of oxygen on endohedral lanthanofullerene. The analysis of ESR spectra indicates the presence of up to nine octets of lanthanum containing fullerenes. These species have different stabilities. Furthermore, a very narrow single ESR line in the lanthanofullerene spectrum was detected having a linewidth ΔB=0.008 mT and ag-factor 2.0025. The electron transfer to the endohedral La@C82 molecule studied by voltammetry and electrochemicalin situ ESR experiments is described. The interaction of the lanthanofullerene with oxygen in solution is also studied. In different solvents the influence of oxygen on line broadening in the ESR spectra of La@C82 was observed.  相似文献   
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