Laws of the lattices of partially composition formations

We prove that every law of the lattice of all formations of finite groups is fulfilled in the lattice of all n-multiply ω-composition formations of finite groups for every nonempty set of primes ω and every natural n.     

Pharmacokinetic study of an oral piroxicam formulation containing different molar ratios of β-cyclodextrins

The objective of this work was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin (PIX-CD) complex at molar ratio of 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:3, and 1:4 after an oral administration in rabbits and either to prove or not the Haborn et al. theory which states that the peak plasma concentration (C_max) of piroxicam increases with an increase of β-cyclodextrin concentration. The results showed an increase in C_max from 11 ± 1.7, 13.3 ± 6.17 to 17 ± 2.03 μg/ml for piroxicam alone, 1:1 (PIX-CD) and 1:2.5 (PIX-CD), respectively, and declined starting at molar ratio of 1:3 (PIX-CD). However, more rapid drug absorption was observed where the time of peak plasma concentration (T_max) became shorter and changed from 2 h (Piroxicam alone) to 0.5 h in the presence of cyclodextrin.     

Solubility in the LaCl<Subscript>3</Subscript>-GdCl<Subscript>3</Subscript>-HCl-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O system at 25°C

Solubility has been studied in the LaCl₃-GdCl₃-HCl-H₂O quaternary water-salt system at 25°C along the 40±0.2% HCl section; the system is of the eutonic type. The composition of the eutonic solution is as follows: LaCl₃·7H₂O-4.50, GdCl₃·6H₂O, 0.52; HCl, 37.99; and H₂O, 56.99 wt %.     

A cohomological index of Fuller type for set-valued dynamical systems

In the paper we develop the theory of a cohomological index of the Fuller type detecting periodic orbits of a set-valued dynamical system generated by a differential inclusion or a differential equation without the uniqueness of solutions. The theory presented is applied to establish a general result on the existence of bifurcation of periodic orbits from an equilibrium point of a differential inclusion.     

Photodegradation of CuBi2O4 Films Evidenced by Fast Formation of Metallic Bi using Operando Surface-sensitive X-ray Scattering**

CuBi₂O₄ has recently emerged as a promising photocathode for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, its fast degradation under operation currently poses a limit to its application. Here, we report a novel method to study operando the semiconductor-electrolyte interface during PEC operation by surface-sensitive high-energy X-ray scattering. We find that a fast decrease in the generated photocurrents correlates directly with the formation of a metallic Bi phase. We further show that the slower formation of metallic Cu, as well as the dissolution of the electrode in contact with the electrolyte, further affect the CuBi₂O₄ activity and morphology. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the degradation mechanisms affecting CuBi₂O₄ electrodes under operation and poses the methodological basis to investigate the photocorrosion processes affecting a wide range of PEC materials.