NaY zeolite functionalized by sulfamic acid/Cu(OAc)2 as a new and reusable heterogeneous hybrid catalyst for efficient solvent-free formylation of amines

NaY zeolite functionalized by sulfamic acid/Cu(OAc)_2[NaY/SA/Cu(Ⅱ)] was synthesized and used as a new,efficient and recyclable catalyst for preparation of formamides. This novel organic-inorganic hybrid catalyst was characterized by several techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TG analysis.Chemoselectivity, easy procedure, excellent yields, very short reaction times, solvent-free and mild reaction conditions are some benefits of this new protocol.     

Dynamic stability of functionally graded cantilever cylindrical shells under distributed axial follower forces

In this paper, flutter of functionally graded material (FGM) cylindrical shells under distributed axial follower forces is addressed. The first-order shear deformation theory is used to model the shell, and the material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a power law distribution using the properties of two base material phases. The solution is obtained by using the extended Galerkin's method, which accounts for the natural boundary conditions that are not satisfied by the assumed displacement functions. The effect of changing the concentrated (Beck's) follower force into the uniform (Leipholz's) and linear (Hauger's) distributed follower loads on the critical circumferential mode number and the minimum flutter load is investigated. As expected, the flutter load increases as the follower force changes from the so-called Beck's load into the so-called Leipholz's and Hauger's loadings. The increased flutter load was calculated for homogeneous shell with different mechanical properties, and it was found that the difference in elasticity moduli bears the most significant effect on the flutter load increase in short, thick shells. Also, for an FGM shell, the increase in the flutter load was calculated directly, and it was found that it can be derived from the simple power law when the corresponding increase for the two base phases are known.     

A CONVENIENT ONE-POT METHOD OF CONVERTING ALCOHOLS INTO OXIMES

The one-pot conversion of[3pc] primary and secondary alcohols into oximes is reported using chromium trioxide supported on alumina and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under solvent free condition. This oxidation-oxime formation reaction has been applied to a range of aliphatic and benzylic alcohols.     

Multifunctional micro-/nanoscaled structures based on polyaniline: an overview of modern emerging devices

With the advent of Materials Science-based technological advances, the fabrication of materials that could simultaneously exhibit both mechanical and processing properties of polymers and unique electrical characteristics of metals is a requirement with prior mandate. With the development of conducting polymers, great opportunities have been established, and novel devices with the significant features have emerged. Polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives have attracted immense attention because of their fascinating properties, including high conductivity, inexpensiveness of starting material, unique redox behavior, facile synthesis, tunable properties, appropriate electrochemical and environmental stability, and strong bimolecular interactions. Nanostructures based on PANI have shown improved functionalities in various applications. In this article, different synthesis strategies such as interfacial polymerization, microwave-assisted polymerization, and sonochemical polymerization among others have been summarized. Besides, PANI-based nanocomposites and their various industrial, as well as biomedical applications in supercapacitors, batteries, gas vapor sensors, printable electronics, electrochromics, actuators, electrostatic dissipation, electromagnetic interference shielding, corrosion protection, filtration membranes, microbial fuel cell, biosensors, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems, have been discussed in detail.     

Experimental design as an optimization approach for fabrication a new selective sensor for thallium(I) based on calix[6]arene

The performance of a new membrane sensor based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for Tl(I) assay was investigated using the statistical design as an optimization strategy. The Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs, respectively, were utilized to find out the influencing variables and optimization of conditions. In order to evaluate the relationship between the responses of electrode (slope) and significant variables along with their interactions, a mathematical model was presented. The interactions between significant variables were intuitively illustrated according to the response surface plots. Apart from that, the optimum conditions as a result of response surface methodology for both membrane ingredients and measuring conditions such as pH, PVC, internal solution concentration, calix[6]arene, 2-nitrophenyloctylether, potassium tetrakis-(p-chlorophenyl)borate and time conditioning, respectively, were found to be: 6, 0.028 g, 0.001 M, 0.0035 g, 0.065 g, 0.0015 g and 20 h. The optimized sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for thallium(I) over a wide linear range from 2.0 × 10^?6 to 2.0 × 10^?2 M and the slope of 57.9 ± 0.1 mV/decade of the activity and limit of detection (LOD) 1.9 × 10^?5 M. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for six replicates of the measurement at 1 × 10^?5 and 1 × 10^?5 M of Tl(I) were 2.7 and 3.0%, respectively. The favorable results were given through the direct determination of Tl(I) in spiked wastewater and artificial spiked urine sample with Tl(I). The electrode was also successfully applied to the titration of a Tl(I) solution with KI.     

A dicationic,podand-like,ionic liquid water system accelerated copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction

In this work,an effective,task specific,dicationic,podand-like ionic liquid was synthesized and applied to improve the capability features of click reaction.Moreover,to broaden the scope and decreasing the serious limitations of preparation methods of organic azides,a simple green procedure for the preparation of alkyl azides,the fundamental starting materials in click reactions,from alcohols under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation has been reported,for the first time.     

High-performance supercapacitors based on an ionic liquid-derived nanofibrillated mesoporous carbon

This article reports the superior specific capacitance, energy, and power density of a nanofibrillated mesoporous carbon derived from an ionic liquid source (IFMC). It was concluded that high specific capacitance and good electrical conductivity were originated from contribution of nitrogen content of IFMC, also the interesting nanofibrillated structure. A specific capacitance of 235 F g^?1 at a high discharge current of 5 A g^?1 was estimated for IFMC-based electrode which is higher than the most reported capacitance for carbon materials. An excellent performance of the nanofibrillated mesoporous carbon along with proper concentration of nitrogen constituent in the carbonaceous framework is indicative for important effects of tuning the carbon nanostructure for energy storage applications.     

Basic Al2O3 as an Efficient Heterogeneous Reagent for the Synthesis of Symmerical Dialkyl Trithiocarbonates

This work deals with reaction of alkyl halides with carbon disulfide in the presence of basic alumina as heterogeneous and reusable reagent. It afforded symmetrical dialkyl trithiocarbonate in moderate to excellent isolated yields. Reaction of 1,2‐dichloro ethane with carbon disulfide also proceeded in a similar manner to give a five‐membered cyclic trithiocarbonate without formation of any polymeric by‐product.     

Solvent-Free Crossed Aldol Condensation of Cyclic Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes Assisted by Microwave Irradiation

Summary. A fast alumina-promoted crossed aldol-condensation reaction of aldehydes and cyclic ketones under microwave irradiation is described. This process is simple, efficient, and environmentally benign and proceeds in fairly high yield without any self-condensation.