Inhibitory potential of Hydroxychavicol on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model and in silico interaction on cancer targets

Abstract

Hydroxychavicol (HC), a major phenolic derivative isolated from the leaves of Piper betle L. is well known for its antibacterial, antifungal and antimutagenic properties. The present study evaluated the in vivo antitumor activity of HC against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice and in silico interaction of HC with the receptors involved in the cancer. Hydroxychavicol (200 and 400?mg/kg bw) was orally administered for 21 consecutive days and was effective in inhibiting the tumor growth in ascitic mouse model. HC consistently reduced the tumor volume, viable cell count, lipid peroxidation and elevated the life span of HC treated mice. Besides the hematological profiles, SGOT and SGPT levels reverted back to normal and oxidative stress markers GSH, SOD and CAT also increased in HC treated groups. In silico docking analysis revealed that HC possessed potent antagonist activity against all the cancer targets demonstrating its inhibitory activity.     

The existence of infinitely many Lie-Bäcklund symmetries for a new derivative nonlinear schrödinger equation

The new derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation considered by Chen et al., is shown to possess strong and hereditary symmetries, and hence infinitely many commuting Lie-Bäcklund (L-B) symmetries. Further, we derive the corresponding constants of motion, which are in involution.     

Direct numerical simulation of single gas bubbles in pure and contaminated liquids

Disperse gas bubbles play an important role in many industrial applications. Knowing the rising velocity, the interfacial area, or the critical size for break–up or coalescence in different systems can be crucial for the process design. Hence, knowing the fundamental behaviour of a single bubble appears mandatory for the examination of bubble swarms and for the Euler–Lagrange or Euler–Euler modelling of disperse systems. In the present work a level–set–based volume–tracking method is implemented into the CFD–code OpenFOAM to follow the free interface of a single bubble. The volume–tracking method is coupled with a transport model for surfactants on the interface, including adsorption and desorption processes. The dependency of surface tension on the local surfactant concentration on the interface is modelled by a non–linear (Langmuir) equation of state. Marangoni forces, resulting from surface tension gradients, are included. The rise of a single air bubble (i) in pure water and (ii) in the presence of surfactants of different strengths is simulated. The results show good agreement with available correlations from literature. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

State estimator for neural networks with sampled data using discontinuous Lyapunov functional approach

In this paper, the sampled-data state estimation problem is investigated for neural networks with time-varying delays. Instead of the continuous measurement, the sampled measurement is used to estimate the neuron states, and a sampled data estimator is constructed. Based on the extended Wirtinger inequality, a discontinuous Lyapunov functional is introduced, which makes full use of the sawtooth structure characteristic of sampling input delay. New delay-dependent criteria are developed to estimate the neuron states through available output measurements such that the estimation error system is asymptotically stable. The criteria are formulated in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be checked efficiently by use of some standard numerical packages. Finally, a numerical example and its simulations are given to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the presented results.     

On a proposed alternative to the KdV equation

As an alternative to the KdV equation a second-order non-linear dispersive wave equation has been proposed [1,2]. Upon closer inspection it turns out that this alternative is not a satisfactory one.     

Phase synchronization in unidirectionally coupled Ikeda time-delay systems

Phase synchronization in unidirectionally coupled Ikeda time-delay systems exhibiting non-phase-coherent hyperchaotic attractors of complex topology with highly interwoven trajectories is studied. It is shown that in this set of coupled systems phase synchronization (PS)does exist in a range of the coupling strength which is preceded by a transition regime (approximate PS)and a nonsynchronous regime. However, exact generalized synchronization does not seem to occur in the coupled Ikeda systems (for the range of parameters we have studied)even for large coupling strength, in contrast to our earlier studies in coupled piecewise-linear and Mackey-Glass systems [27,28]. The above transitions are characterized in terms of recurrence based indices, namely generalized autocorrelation function P(t), correlation of probability of recurrence (CPR), joint probability of recurrence (JPR)and similarity of probability of recurrence (SPR). The existence of phase synchronization is also further confirmed by typical transitions in the Lyapunov exponents of the coupled Ikeda time-delay systems and also using the concept of localized sets.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leucas aspera</Emphasis> Nanomedicine Shows Superior Toxicity and Cell Migration Retarded in Prostate Cancer Cells

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies among men worldwide. The main aim of the present work was to clarify the advantages of a nanoformulation of ayurvedic herbal plants. Specifically, we assessed the improved anticancer activity of Leucas aspera nanoparticles compared with methanolic crude extract in PC3 prostate cancer cells and normal cells. L. aspera is a plant that is used in ayurveda due to the antirheumatic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and cytotoxic activities. Nanoparticles of L. aspera were prepared from plant methanolic extracts. Cytotoxic effect was studied in the normal and prostate cancer cells. Size and morphology of the formulated nanoparticles was assessed using dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity of L. aspera nanoparticles for PC3 cells was concentration- and time-dependent. In vitro hemolysis assay, cellular uptake studies, cell aggregation studies, and cell migration assay established the anticancerous activity of L. aspera in prostate cancer.     

The role of achiral pyrazolidinone templates in enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions: scope, limitations, and conformational insights

We have evaluated the role of achiral pyrazolidinone templates in conjunction with chiral Lewis acids in room temperature, enantioselective Diels-Alder cycloadditions. The role of the fluxional N(1) substituent was examined, with the bulky 1-naphthylmethyl group providing enantioselectivities up to 99% ee, while templates with smaller fluxional groups gave lower selectivities. High selectivities were also observed in reactions of 7d with chiral Lewis acids derived from relatively small chiral ligands, suggesting the pyrazolidinone templates are capable of relaying stereochemical information from the ligand to the reaction center. Lewis acids capable of adapting square planar geometries, such as Cu(OTf)2, Cu(ClO4)2, and Pd(ClO4)2, were found to be particularly effective at providing high selectivities. Additionally, substitution at the C-5 position of the pyrazolidinone templates has been shown to be critical for optimal selectivity. Reactions of the optimal pyrazolidinone appended with a number of common dienophiles and various dienes demonstrate the utility of this achiral template. Furthermore, catalytic loadings could be lowered to 2.5 mol % with essentially no loss in selectivity. Pi-Pi interactions were evaluated as a means to explain the unusually high selectivity observed at room temperature. Finally, non-C2-symmetric ligands were employed as a test to determine if chiral relay was operative.     

Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films of proline-rich N-terminal domain peptide of gamma-zein

The proline-rich N-Terminal domain peptides of γ-zein (VHLPPP)_n with n = 1 and 3 (peptides I and II) are shown to form stable Langmuir films at air/water interface and the films have been characterized using surface pressure–molecular area (π–A), surface potential–molecular area (ΔV–A) isotherms, respectively. The longer peptide sequence does not show dramatic increase in surface or interfacial properties suggesting that the minimum length of n = 1 is sufficient to achieve the necessary surface properties. Brewster angle micrographs also agreed with these results. The high surface-active nature of the peptide suggests a fairly non-polar character at air/water interface and at solid/air interface when coated expresses a high surface energy.

Additives such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the peptides showed more homogenous films at the air/water interface and also improved mechanical and tensile properties. The organized assembly of peptide I at the air/water and solid/air interface suggests that even thin layer of the peptide could play an important role in coating the inner surface of protein body membrane in storage proteins. Composite films of such short peptides with biocompatible polymers may find applications as surface coatings and in biomaterials.     

Performance of 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde-2-Amino Thiazole as a Highly Selective Turn-on Fluorescent Chemosensor for Al(III) Ions Detection and Biological Applications

Journal of Fluorescence - The thiazole based Schiff base 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-2-amino thiazole (receptor1) was synthesized through a single step process and characterized by spectroscopic and...