On fuzzy multi-valued functions part 2: Some topological properties

In this paper new topological concepts connected with fuzzy multi-valued functions theory-as presented in the first part of this work-are introduced and their properties are investigated. As will be shown in future papers these concepts and properties are indispensable in connection with the analysis of fuzzy economic systems.     

Photoinduzierte umlagerung von isoxazolinen: Syntheseweg zu 2,4,5,8-Tetrahedron-1,3-dicx-5-azocinen

A high yield 2,4,5,8-tetrahydro-1,3-diox-5-azocine synthesis, which employs a sequence of cycloaddition and photoinduced rearrangement has been developed.     

New alkaloids from Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr

The alkaloidal extract of the leaves of Phoebe grandis (nees) merr. have provided two new minor alkaloids; phoebegrandine D (1), a proaporphine-tryptamine dimer, and phoebegrandine E (2), an indoloquinolizidine. This is the first report on the occurrence of an indoloquinolizidine in the Phoebe species. The crude extract also exhibited antiplasmodial activity (IC50<8 microg mL-1). The structures of the novel compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, notably 2D NMR and HRMS.     

Bioactive eremophilanolides from Senecio poepigii

A new bioactive eremophilanolide, 1alpha-tigloyloxy-8betaH,10betaH-eremophil-7(11)-en-8alpha,12-olide, was isolated from Senecio poepigii and its structure was elucidated by spectral analysis. 1alpha-Angeloyloxy-8beta-methoxy-10betaH-eremophil-7(11)-en-8alpha,12-olide was also isolated. Antifungal and insect antifeedant properties were evaluated.     

Effect of concentration and particle size on nonlinearity of Au nano-fluid prepared by γ (Co) radiation

Nonlinear properties of Au nano-fluid prepared by γ-radiation method at different concentrations were investigated. Measurements of nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient were carried out using a single beam Z-scan technique. A green CW laser beam operated at 532 nm was used as excitation source. The Au nano-fluid shows a good third order nonlinear response. The sign of the nonlinear refractive index is found to be negative and the magnitude is in the order of 10⁻⁷ cm²/W. This nonlinear effect increases as the concentration increases from 3.119 × 10⁻⁴ to 2.354 × 10⁻³ M which correspond to particle sizes of 4.0-30.5 nm, respectively. A good linear relationship was obtained between nonlinear refractive index and concentration. However the relationship between nonlinear refractive index and particle size was nonlinear behavior.     

Pulse-width modulation in defocused three-dimensional fringe projection

Shape measurements by fringe projection methods require high-quality sinusoidal fringes. We present a sinusoidal fringe generation technique that utilizes slightly defocused binary fringe projection. The proposed method is a spatial version of the well-known pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique of electrical engineering. PWM is easy to implement using off-the-shelf projectors, and it allows us to overcome the gamma problem (i.e., the nonlinear projector response) in the output light intensity. We will demonstrate that, with a small defocusing level--lower than with other techniques proposed in the literature--a high-quality sinusoidal pattern is obtained. Validation experiments using a commercial video projector are presented.     

On Problems in the Calculus of Variations in Increasingly Elongated Domains

This paper deals with minimization problems in the calculus of variations set in a sequence of domains, the size of which tends to infinity in certain directions and such that the data only depend on the coordinates in the directions that remain constant. The authors study the asymptotic behavior of minimizers in various situations and show that they converge in an appropriate sense toward minimizers of a related energy functional in the constant directions.     

Orientation effects on nitric acid dihydrate films

An investigation of orientation effects in films of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) is presented, based on a systematic study of transmission and reflection-absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of samples of varying thickness. The samples are prepared by vapor deposition on Ge (for transmission spectroscopy) and on Al substrates (for RAIR spectroscopy) at 175 K to produce crystalline alpha-NAD films. Transmission spectra were recorded at normal incidence, and RAIR spectra were recorded at a grazing angle of 75 degrees, with polarized radiation. The observed spectra are compared with predictions of a classical Fresnel model, to test the available optical indices of NAD, which are of great importance for the accurate interpretation of data from remote sensing measurements. Whereas the procedure yields satisfactory results for transmission and s-polarized RAIR spectra, it is found that the agreement is not acceptable for p-polarized RAIR spectra. An explanation is suggested in terms of a preferential alignment of the films, with the (10-1) crystallographic plane of the crystal situated parallel to the substrate. The infrared activity of a band at approximately 1170 cm(-1) is explained in terms of a preferential orientation of the crystal domains in the film.