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11.
The photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide derivative, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D, 1), has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide. The degradation was studied by monitoring the change in substrate concentration employing UV spectroscopic analysis and decrease in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content as a function of irradiation time in the presence of UV light source. The degradation kinetics was investigated under a variety of conditions, such as different types of TiO2, pH, catalyst and substrate concentrations. Higher photonic efficiencies were observed with Degussa P25 as compared with other photocatalysts. The degradation products were analysed by GC-MS and probable pathways for the formation of different products were proposed. 相似文献
12.
A model of two interacting (chemically different) linear polymer chains is solved exactly using the real-space renormalization
group transformation on a family of Sierpinski gasket type fractals and on a truncated 4-simplex lattice. The members of the
family of the Sierpinski gasket-type fractals are characterized by an integer scale factorb which runs from 2 to ∞. The Hausdorff dimensiond
F of these fractals tends to 2 from below asb → ∞. We calculate the contact exponenty for the transition from the State of segregation to a State in which the two chains are entangled forb = 2-5. Using arguments based on the finite-size scaling theory, we show that forb→∞, y = 2 - v(b) d
F, wherev is the end-toend distance exponent of a chain. For a truncated 4-simplex lattice it is shown that the system of two chains
either remains in a State in which these chains are intermingled in such a way that they cannot be told apart, in the sense
that the chemical difference between the polymer chains completely drop out of the thermodynamics of the system, or in a State
in which they are either zipped or entangled. We show the region of existence of these different phases separated by tricritical
lines. The value of the contact exponenty is calculated at the tricritical points. 相似文献
13.
Applying tight-binding approximation and spin pairing of like charge carriers in a pair of excitons created in a lattice, the possibility of forming a bound exciton-exciton state is studied. It is found that, provided there exists strong exciton-lattice interaction, such a bound state may be formed and its energy may lie within the valence band deforming the material into a crystalline solid with no energy gap. Lowering of the energy is calculated in naphthalene and anthracene crystals where some experimental results are known. The excess energy released after the formation of such bound state can be adequate, depending on the material, to desorb neutral atoms or eject of electrons from surfaces. 相似文献
14.
15.
The time delay experiment proposed by I.I. Shapiro in 1964 and conducted in the seventies was the most precise experiment
of general relativity until that time. Further experimentation has improved the accuracy level of both the time delay and
the light deflection experiments. A simulation model is proposed that involves only a simple mass and time transformation
factor involving velocity of light. The light deflection and the time delay experiments are numerically simulated using this
model that does not use the general relativistic equations. The computed values presented in this paper compare well with
recent levels of accuracy of their respective experimental results. 相似文献
16.
Synchronized whistlers recorded at Varanasi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Some interesting events of synchronized whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi during magnetic storm period of
the year 1977 are presented. The dynamic spectrum analysis shows that the component whistlers are Eckersley whistlers having
dispersion 10 s1/2 and 30 s1/2. An attempt has been made to explain the dynamic spectra using lightning discharge generated from magnetospheric sources 相似文献
17.
Shyam K. Singh Oliver S. Fetzer John B. Hynes Thomas C. Williams 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1991,28(5):1459-1461
Nitration of 2-amino-4-oxo-(3H)-5-trifluoromethylquinazoline is shown to occur exclusively at C6 as determined from an analysis of long range 1H and 19F scalar couplings to ring carbons. Nitration of 2-amino-4-oxo-(3H)-5-fluoroquinazoline is found to occur both at C6 and C8 as evident from an analysis of the 19F and 1H couplings of the ring protons. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of charge on recoil56Mn produced by the (n,γ) reaction in polycrystalline potassium permanganate has been examined using the ‘charge plate technique’.
From considerations of capture gamma ray decay schemes and internal conversion it appears that, in a condensed medium, the
recoil atom develops charge after losing much of its initial kinetic energy which allows collection on charged electrodes.
Preliminary findings were presented at the International Symposium on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry, RC-41 BARC,
Bombay, Feb. 4–6 (1991). 相似文献
19.
Considering external electric field as well as third- and fourth-order phonon anharmonic interaction terms in the pseudospin-lattice
coupled mode (PLCM) model Hamiltonian for KDP-type ferroelectrics, expressions for field-dependent shift, width, renormalized
soft mode frequency, Curie temperature, dielectric constant and dielectric loss are evaluated. For the calculation, method
of statistical double-time temperature-dependent Green’s function has been used. By fitting model values of physical quantities,
temperature and electric field dependences of soft mode frequency, dielectric constant and loss have been calculated which
compare well with experimental results of Baumgartner [8] and Choi and Lockwood [9]. Both dielectric constant and loss decrease
with electric field. 相似文献
20.
Praveen K. Tandon Gayatri Sumita Sahgal Manish Srivastava Santosh B. Singh 《应用有机金属化学》2007,21(3):135-138
Catalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H2O2. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献