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61.
Carolina A. Pinto P. M. Büchler J. Dweck 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(3):715-720
The catalyst
used in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units of refineries after several
recovery cycles in regeneration units, reduces its activity and it is partially
substituted by new catalyst in the process. As it has a high silicon and aluminum
oxides content, the pozzolanic properties of a Brazilian FCC spent residual
catalyst, used in different substitution degrees to cement, were evaluated
by three thermal analysis techniques during the early stages of hydration
of a type II Portland cement. NCDTA curves show in real time that the residual
catalyst, accelerates the stages of cement hydration. TG and DSC curves of
respective pastes after 24 h of hydration evidence the pozzolanic activity
of the waste, respectively, by the lower water mass loss during the dehydroxylation
of the residual calcium hydroxide and by the lower dehydroxylation endothermal
effect. Within the analyzed period, the higher is the cement substitution
degree, the higher is the pozzolanic activity of the residual catalyst. 相似文献
62.
Determination of selenium, zinc and cadmium in antidandruff shampoos by atomic spectrometry after microwave assisted sample digestion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Microwave assisted pre-treatments for atomic spectrometric determination (inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES or flame atomic absorption spectrometry, FAAS) of metallic elements, usually present in antidandruff shampoos, are proposed. They are based on the digestion of the sample with HNO3 into a closed reactor, which is irradiated at 800 W for a few minutes. Selenium was determined by ICP-OES. The limit of detection was 0.11 mg l−1; the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for the selenium content in the samples was in the 0.6–3.6% range. The results obtained were in agreement with the label contents and the recovery of the proposed method was in the 100–106% range. Zinc and cadmium were determined by FAAS. The limit of detection for zinc determination was 0.078 mg l−1; the R.S.D. for zinc contents was in the 0.8–8.6% range. A limit of detection of 0.09 mg l−1 was obtained for cadmium determination; the R.S.D. for cadmium contents was in the 0.7–2.7% range. The determinations were performed after two different sample mineralization pre-treatments — dry ashing (in an electric furnace) and wet mineralization (in a microwave oven). Both methodologies provided comparable results for zinc and cadmium determination in shampoos. The proposed microwave assisted digestion procedures allow a precise and accurate determination of selenium, zinc and cadmium in commercial antidandruff shampoos, and the sample pre-treatment is less time-consuming than the classic methods. 相似文献
63.
Kinetic study on the cleavage of N‐phenylphthalimide (NPhPT) in the presence of 0.05 M NH2NH2 and mixed H2O‐CH3CN solvents reveals the occurrence of reaction scheme where A, B, C, C1, An, E, and F represent NPhPT, o‐CO?2C6H4CONHC6H5, o‐CONHNH2C6H4‐ CONHC6H5, N‐aminophthalimide, aniline, o‐CO?2C6H4CONHNH2, and o‐CONHNH2C6H4‐CONHNH2, respectively. But, in the presence of either nonbuffered ?0.20 M NH2NH2 hydrazine buffer of pH ~7.30–8.26 with total buffer concentration ([Buf]T) of >0.02 M, further conversion of F to 2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione (DHPD) has been detected depending upon the length of the reaction time (t), the values of [Buf]T, and pH. It has been shown that the rate of conversion of C1 to F is much faster than that of C to C1 which is much faster than that of F to DHPD. The reaction step A → C involves general base (GB) catalysis, while step C → C1 seems to involve specific base–general acid (GA) and GB‐GB catalysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 147–161, 2005 相似文献
64.
The stereochemistry of istanbulin-B has been defined by X-ray crystal-structure analysis. Rings A and B are transfused, with the Me groups at C(4) and C(5) cis. The α,β-unsaturated,γ -lactone ring is essentially planar. Crystals of istanbulin-B are orthorhombic, space group P2121,21, with a = 6.729(2), b = 13.447(3), c = 14.721(3)Â,and Z = 4. The crystal structure was determined by direct phasing and the atomic parameters were subsequently adjusted by least-squares calculations that converged at R 38% over 1179 diffractometer |Fa| values 相似文献
65.
Hair color changes and protein damage caused by ultraviolet radiation 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Santos Nogueira AC Joekes I 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2004,74(2-3):109-117
Ultraviolet and visible radiations are known to damage hair. However, quantitative data relating damage to hair type, proteins and color to the radiation wavelength are missing. We studied the effect of UV plus visible, UVA plus visible, visible mercury-vapor lamp radiation and sunlight on (blended) virgin dark-brown, blond and red hair and (one head) virgin black and curly dark-brown hair. All hair types showed a substantial increase in protein loss in water after lamp and sun irradiation. The damaging effect of UVB was about 2-5 times higher than that of UVA plus visible radiation, depending on the hair type. Significant color changes were also observed in every hair type, after lamp and sun irradiation, being more pronounced for the light colored hairs. The luminosity difference parameter was the major contributor to the hair color changes, but significant changes in the red-green and yellow-blue parameters of every hair were observed. In this case, the damaging effect is ascribable mainly to UVA radiation. No significant changes in the mechanical properties or topography were observed in any case. We discuss these results in terms of hair type and composition and melanin types. 相似文献
66.
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70.
The aim of this paper is to prove that safe success in finding reaction paths (RPs) can only be expected from global path-determining methods. Some extensions of the mathematical arguments leading to the introduction of the DDRP (dynamically defined reaction path) method have been sketched. Four cases involving relaxation of analyticity, variability of the gradient field, minimum energy (reaction) paths (MEPs) and golf pocket holes on the potential energy surface (PES), and the rather strange consequences of the main theorem of the DDRP method giving a rigorous mathematical basis to chemical intuition in reaction kinetics have been discussed. The discussions show that the DDRP method - when changing the conditions and parameters - may, in essence, involve all other global methods. It has been shown that the DDRP method works in a stable way even for non-analytic though smooth energy functions; moreover, the gradient field can be replaced by other vector fields resulting in better convergence to the reaction path. As a by-product, the question of the existence of MEPs can safely be handled and golf pocket holes are constructed on the PES in order to prove that local methods have chance to search faithfully the RPs in complicated systems only if the energy function can be restored from its arbitrarily small pieces.This work was presented in parts at the 8th International Congress of Quantum Chemistry, Prague, Czech Republic, June 19–23,1994; Addendum to the Book of Abstracts of the 8ICQC: P/I-129. 相似文献