Investigating pedestrian evacuation using ant algorithms

We have presented non-linear analytical formula for fusion–fission cross-sections. This is achieved by analysing many fusion–fission experiments of the compound nuclei of atomic number range \(23 \le Z \le 146\) available in literature. Our parametrised formula can reproduce the fusion–fission cross-sections which agree well with the experiments. Our parametrisations depend on the charges and masses of the compound nuclei and fission fragments only. These results can be used as a guideline for estimating the fusion–fission cross-sections in those cases where measurements do not exist and also for studying new nuclei which are not yet explored.     

Study on bi-directional pedestrian movement using ant algorithms

A cellular automata model is proposed to simulate bi-directional pedestrian flow. Pedestrian movement is investigated by using ant algorithms. Ants communicate with each other by dropping a chemical, called a pheromone, on the substrate while crawling forward. Similarly, it is considered that oppositely moving pedestrians drop ‘visual pheromones' on their way and the visual pheromones might cause attractive or repulsive interactions. This pheromenon is introduced into modelling the pedestrians' walking preference. In this way, the decision-making process of pedestrians will be based on ‘the instinct of following'. At some densities, the relationships of velocity–density and flux–density are analyzed for different evaporation rates of visual pheromones. Lane formation and phase transition are observed for certain evaporation rates of visual pheromones.     

Construction of Hexahydropyrido[3,2‐c]carbazole and Hexahydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]carbazole Skeletons for the Synthesis of Related Indole Alkaloids

Synthesis of tetracyclic hexahydropyrido[3,2‐c]carbazoles ( 9a and 9b ) and hexahydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]carbazoles ( 13a and 13b ) structures was achieved via a new synthetic approach for the synthesis of related indole alkaloids such as deethylaspidospermidine and deethylibophyllidine. Hexahydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]carbazole structure was constructed for the first time starting from ethyl 4‐oxo‐cyclohexanecarboxylate in seven steps. Some tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 11 , and 12 ) were also synthesized.     

An X-ray and DFT Computational Study on 1-（Naphthalene-2-yl）-2-（1H-pyrazol-1-yl） ethanone O-butyl Oxime

The title compound, 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone O-butyl oxime, I, was synthesized. The crystal and molecular structures of I were determined by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrum, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Molecular geometry from X-ray experiment of I in the ground state was compared using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set. In addition, DFT calculation, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals of I were performed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of the theory.     

Selective and periodic inventory routing problem for waste vegetable oil collection

We consider a biodiesel production company that collects waste vegetable oil from source points that generate waste in large amounts. The company uses the collected waste as raw material for biodiesel production. The manager of this company needs to decide which of the present source points to include in the collection program, which of them to visit on each day, which periodic routing schedule to repeat over an infinite horizon and how many vehicles to operate such that the total collection, inventory and purchasing costs are minimized while the production requirements and operational constraints are met. For this selective and periodic inventory routing problem, we propose two different formulations, compare them and apply the better performing one on a real-world problem with 36 scenarios. We generate lower bounds using a partial linear relaxation model, and observe that the solutions obtained through our model are within 3.28% of optimality on the average. Several insights regarding the customer selection, routing and purchasing decisions are acquired with sensitivity analysis.     

A sensitive determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid using a nafion-coated clinoptilolite-modified carbon paste electrode

A selective dopamine determination using a nafion-coated clinoptilolite-modified carbon paste electrode in the presence of ascorbic acid was studied. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) were used for measurements of dopamine. To improve the selectivity of the clinoptilolite-modified carbon paste electrode in presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid, the electrode surface was coated with nafion membrane. Experimental parameters affecting the determination of dopamine, including the clinoptilolite ratio, nafion membrane thickness, preconcentration time, preconcentration solution pH, stripping solution pH and interferences are discussed. The developed sensor has a wide linear range, a low detection limit, and good stability and reproducibility. The sensor offers a good alternative to existing analytical methods for dopamine, permits a relatively short analysis time, and is simple, selective and inexpensive.     

The effect of fermentation (retting) time and harvest time on kudzu (Pueraria lobata) fiber strength

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - The noncommercial kudzu plant has been growing wild in the southern United States since the 1930s. In this article, the kudzu fibrous vine is investigated...     

Recent biopharmaceutical applications of capillary electrophoresis methods on recombinant DNA technology-based products

Biopharmaceuticals (recombinant technology-based products, vaccines, whole blood and blood components, gene therapy, cells, tissues, etc.,) are described as biological medical products produced from various living sources such as human, microbial, animal, and so on by manufacturing, extraction, or semi-synthesis. They are complex molecules having high molecular weights. For their safety and efficacy, their structural, clinical, physicochemical, and chemical features must be carefully controlled, and they must be well characterized by analytical techniques before the approval of the final product. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) having versatile modes can provide valuable safety and efficacy information, such as amino acid sequence, size variants (low and high molecular weight variants), charged variants (acidic and basic impurities), aggregates, N-linked glycosylation, and O-linked glycosylation. There are numerous applications of CE in the literature. In this review, the most significant and recent studies on the analysis of recombinant DNA technology-based products using different CE modes in the last ten years have been overviewed. It was seen that the researches mostly focus on the analysis of mAbs and IgG. In addition, in recent years, researchers have started to prefer CE combined mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to provide a more detailed characterization for protein and peptide fragments.     

Poisson Distribution Series for Analytic Univalent Functions

The main objective of the present paper is to investigate the Poisson distribution series for the function class \(T\left( \alpha ,\beta \right) \) of analytic functions. Moreover, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the Poisson distribution series belonging to this class. We also consider an integral operator related to the Poisson distribution series.     

Capillary electrophoretic separation of heparin oligosaccharides under conditions amenable to mass spectrometric detection

A capillary electrophoresis method for the separation of high-molecular-mass heparin oligosaccharides compatible with mass spectral detection was developed. Structurally defined heparin oligosaccharides ranging in size from tetrasaccharide to tetradecasaccharide were used to optimize the conditions. Applying normal and reversed polarity modes, these oligosaccharides were separated by CE under various conditions. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (30 mM at pH 8.50) used as the running electrolyte system gave good separation efficiency and resolution in the normal polarity mode. Application of this method to the separation of complicated heparin oligosaccharide mixtures required the addition of electrolyte additives. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (30 mM), containing triethylamine (10 mM), was useful for the separation of complex oligosaccharide mixtures. Run-to-run and day-to-day precision and limits of detection were established for these separations.