新型咔唑类卟啉的合成与性能

以咔唑、对氟苯甲醛和吡咯为原料制得meso-四（4-咔唑）苯基卟啉（TCPP）。以对硝基苯甲醛与吡咯为原料制得meso-四(4-硝基)苯基卟啉（TNPP）; TNPP经还原反应制得meso-四（4-氨基苯基）卟啉（TAPP）; TAPP与咔唑苯甲醛经缩合反应制得新型meso-四[对-（P-N-咔唑基亚苄基亚氨基）]苯基卟啉(TCIPP),其结构和性能经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR,元素分析和循环伏安法（CV）表征。结果表明：TCPP在270~300 nm处有新吸收峰;TCIPP的Q带和B带相比于TCPP有明显红移。TCPP和TCIPP的E_LUMO和E_HOMO分别为-3.18 eV, -5.17 eV和-3.49 eV, -5.08 eV,两者的能级结构与纳米TiO₂的导带能级相匹配。     

纳滤膜新型材料研究

纳滤是一种介于超滤与反渗透之间的重要膜分离过程,具有工作压力低、无相转变及分离效率高等独特优势。膜污染及渗透性/选择性之间的平衡是纳滤膜在使用和研发过程中面临的亟待解决的两个主要问题。膜材料是膜与膜分离技术的核心,开发新型的纳滤膜材料是解决上述问题的重要手段。本文从新型纳滤膜材料的设计与选择的角度出发,总结归纳了近年来新型材料在纳滤膜的制备与应用研究现状,包括新型有机纳滤膜材料、新型无机纳滤膜材料和新型有机-无机杂化纳滤膜材料三个方面,拓展了对纳滤膜材料的认知,探讨了新型纳滤膜材料的共性及其存在的主要问题,并对未来高性能纳滤膜材料的研制方向进行了展望。     

Pt-FeOx催化剂微结构对催化CO氧化性能的影响

借助较为成熟的纳米技术手段,采用PVP为保护剂、乙二醇为还原剂制备具有不同Pt/Fe比例的双金属纳米粒子,最终通过氧化处理获得具有不同微结构环境的纳米Pt-FeO_x催化剂,并以此为模型考察它们对CO氧化性能的影响。结果表明FeO_x物种的数量一方面影响Pt物种的价态,同时也影响Fe物种自身的氧化还原性质,这些性质直接和间接地影响着CO和氧分子的活化,Pt周围适量FeO_x物种的存在对构建高活性CO氧化催化剂有利。     

基于聚多巴胺的氮掺杂碳材料的制备及其电化学性能

多孔碳材料由于高的比表面积、优异的电子传导率、良好的化学稳定性等优点在超级电容器电极材料领域被广泛研究。 碳材料的组成及表面孔结构直接影响其电化学性能,为进一步提高碳材料的电容性能,本文首次以聚多巴胺球为前体,KOH为活化剂,通过高温碳化成功制备了良好电化学性能的氮掺杂多孔碳材料。 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和Raman光谱等对所制备的氮掺杂多孔碳材料进行了形貌及结构组成的表征。 在6 mol/L KOH电解液中, 采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电对多孔碳材料的电化学性能进行了研究。 结果表明,由于双电层电容和赝电容的协同作用,在电流密度为1 A/g时,材料的比电容可达269 F/g,充放电循环1000圈后电容仍可保留初始值的93.5%。     

熔融法制样X荧光光谱法测定高含量铷矿石中的氧化铷

铷矿石和混合熔剂按照一定的质量比混配好,在熔样机中制备成待分析的样品,混合熔剂由四硼酸锂+偏硼酸锂+氟化锂按照一定比例混合而成,用国家标准物质不同质量的稀释或者添加纯物质的办法制备成一个系列的含不同氧化如的标准系列样片,采用X荧光光谱仪直接测试氧化铷的含量。该分析方法具有检测范围广,从0.01%到5.0%,精密度RSD达到1.50%、国家一级标准准确度高的优点,同时对标准样品的种类要求少,而通过某一标准物质来制备校正曲线也可以克服基体效应的影响。该方法适应于稀有矿石类标准物质数量和种类矿石不多的分析。     

微流控合成高活性甲醇氧化碳载铂钌电催化剂

报道了一种以微流控技术制备对甲醇具有高效电氧化催化活性的碳载PtRu催化剂(PtRu/C)的方法。 通过改变反应液在微流控反应器中的流速,得到了一系列纳米粒径分布在1.4~2.0 nm范围内的PtRu/C催化剂。 对这些催化剂进行电化学测试发现,当反应液以90 μL/min的流速流经微流控反应器时制得的催化剂具有最高催化活性。 进一步研究发现,这是由于在该流速制得的催化剂具有较大的电化学活性面积和较高含量的Pt(0)。 该种制备催化剂的方法在能源转化和环境领域有望被广泛使用。     

铜钱状二硫化钒的制备及储钠性能研究

钠离子电池因地壳中丰富的钠资源以及金属钠与金属锂之间具有相似的物化性质等特点,成为后锂时代电池的候选者之一,然而较大的钠离子半径影响了其体系的动力学性能及离子迁移速率,因此寻找合适的电极材料成为其发展的关键.二硫化钒作为过渡金属硫属化合物,具有类石墨烯的层状结构,为钠离子的储存提供了足够的空间,同时其出色的导电性能也为其作为高性能钠离子电池的电极材料提供了保证.利用水热法与超声剥离法,可控制备出三种堆叠密度不同的铜钱状二硫化钒（VS₂-Long、VS₂-Middle、VS₂-Short）,并将其用于储钠性能研究.结果表明,堆叠程度最低的VS₂-Short因其形貌结构特点而拥有较多的活性位点及较高结构稳定性,在100 mA·g^－1的电流密度下,循环300圈后容量高达410 mAh·g^－1;电流密度为2000 mA·g^－1,可逆容量仍高达333 mAh·g^－1.此外,还研究了二硫化钒作为钠离子电池电极材料的储能机制,通过非原位X射线粉末衍射（XRD）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）观测发现：放电过程中,电压在2.5～1.0 V发生嵌钠反应生成Na_xVS₂,之后逐渐开始转化反应生成Na₂S和V;充电时Na₂S和V转化生成Na_xVS₂,并最终脱钠生成VS₂,即在0.2～2.5 V间VS₂表现为嵌入转化的储钠机制.     

Enhancement of thermal stability and photoluminescent performance of blue light emitting material by incorporating adamantane moieties into carbazole system

A facile route to improve photoluminescent performance and service lifetime of a promising blue light emitting material is reported and demonstrated here using a copolymer system of N-(2-ethylhexyl)-2,7-carbazole (Cz) and 1,3,5,7-tetrakis- (4-bromophenyl) adamantane (TBA). The copolymers were successfully synthesized by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. Structure and molecular weight of the materials were characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The influence of adamantane content on the thermal stability and photoluminescent performance of the synthesized copolymers was investigated in detail. DSC results showed that glass transition temperature increased dramatically, from 68°C for neat carbazole, to 88°C, 120°C and 152°C, after the addition of 10%, 20%, and 30% TBA, respectively. The same trend was found when thermal decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss was evaluated from TGA data. Importantly, this increased stability can be extended to thermo-optical performance, with the Cz-TBA system showing higher color purity and stronger emission intensity within blue light wavelength than carbazole alone. Nevertheless, measurements of emitting spectral stability at a broader temperature range (100–200°C) and photoluminescence quantum yield suggested that there is a delicate trade-off between the performance and adamantane content.     

Antibacterial constituents from Antarctic fungus,Aspergillus sydowii SP-1

One new alkaloid, named as acremolin C (1), was isolated from static culture of Antarctic fungus, Aspergillus sydowii SP-1, in an investigation of the antimicrobial constituents of this Antarctic microorganism, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. Additionally, four known compounds, cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Phe) (2), 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3), (7S)-(+)-hydroxysydonic acid (4) and (7S, 11S)-(+)-12-hydroxysydonic acid (5), were isolated and identified. Biological studies disclosed that compounds 2, 4 and 5 showed moderate inhibitions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) as comparing to tigecycline, while compound 1 displayed weak inhibition activities against MRSA and MRSE.     

A new lactam alkaloid from Portulaca oleracea L. and its cytotoxity

A new lactam alkaloid named oleraciamide D (1), indentified as (5R)-4-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one, together with five known compounds, indole-3-aldehyde (2), portulacatone (3), N-trans-feruloyloctopamine (4), N-trans-feruloyl-3′-O-methyldopamine (5) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (6) were isolated from Potulaca oleracea L. Among them, indole-3-aldehyde (2) was isolated from the medicine for the first time. The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated via UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR. The five known compounds were established by comparing the ¹H-NMR and ¹³C NMR with the reported literature. Oleraciamide D (1) showed cytotoxicity against SH-SY5Y cells when concentration at 50 uM by CCK-8 method.