膜载体酶标记dip-stick快速检测西维因的痕量残留

利用直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析技术研发了一种快速、灵敏的膜载体酶标记dip-stick农残西维因检测方法。该方法以带正电尼龙膜(Millipore)为固相载体,将西维因抗体包被于膜上,包被有抗体的膜插入含有西维因和西维因酶标抗原的混合液中竞争反应10 min后直接目视判断分析结果。该方法的整个检测过程只需15 min,对西维因的检出限可达到10μg.L-1,且稳定性较好。通过与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)比较,验证了该检测方法的有效性,可作为品质控制和快速定性检测的一种有效工具。     

Effect of Thermal Processing on the Metabolic Components of Black Beans on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Field Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.     

反相微乳液法制备纳米Ag2S增感剂的化学增感研究

本文用反相微乳液法制备了纳米Ag₂S,并用作卤化银乳剂的硫增感剂,研究了其增感效果、增感规律及可能的增感机理.反相微乳液由异辛烷、表面活性剂AOT钠盐和水形成;制得的Ag₂S粒径3—5 nm;用制得颗粒增感卤化银乳剂,获得的感光性能优越于用Na₂S₂O₃水溶液增感;增感规律的研究表明,随着乳剂中纳米Ag₂S浓度的增加,模型乳剂感光度迅速提高、灰雾变化不大,并在100—200μmol/molAg左右获得最佳感光性能,进一步增加浓度则感光度呈下降趋势、灰雾升高;获得最佳感光性能所需的化学增感时间很短,约40分钟,之后感光度不再增加、灰雾上升;用漫反射光谱(DRS)作探针,跟踪记录增感时卤化银微晶表面上纳米Ag₂S增感剂颗粒的演变,为新型纳米增感剂的优异增感特性提供了机理性解释.     

Cloning,Expression, Purification,and Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum

Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (V_max) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (K_m) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (k_cat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s⁻¹ and 0.5 ± 0.02 s⁻¹, respectively; the respective k_cat/K_m value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The K_m, k_cat and V_max values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry.     

非近邻跳跃对扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带电子结构的影响

根据π电子的紧束缚模型,将电子的次近邻和第三近邻跳跃能考虑在内,得到扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带（AGRNs）能带结构的解析解.讨论了由次近邻和第三近邻电子跳跃引起的能带和能隙变化,发现次近邻和第三近邻跳跃分别对带隙产生增大和减小的影响. 比较了边界弛豫与非近邻跳跃之间的互相竞争关系. 当纳米带的宽度n为奇数时,二维石墨面的紧束缚模型中所固有的van Hove奇异性表现为AGRNs中的无色散带. 当AGRNs宽度增加时,能谱趋向于二维石墨烯时的能谱结构. 关键词： 扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带 非近邻跳跃 边界弛豫 电子结构     

长周期光纤光栅:原理、制备与应用

较全面介绍了长周期光纤光栅。对比Bragg光纤光栅说明了长周期光纤光栅的特点。对其耦合机理进行了分析 ,阐明了波长选择损耗特性。介绍了长周期光纤光栅的制备方法 ,大致分之为基于非形变的制备方法和基于形变的制备方法。详细阐述其在通信、传感领域的应用 ,尤其是新型应用 :带通滤波、光上下路复用、光纤光源、偏振器件、新型传感等。并针对长周期光纤光栅对温度、应力、外部折射率敏感的特性 ,探讨了调谐性以及温度稳定性的方案     

玻璃中CdSeS纳米晶体的生长及其性能

对掺有镉、硒、硫的玻璃在500—800℃退火2—24h,生长了不同尺寸的CdSxSe1x纳米晶体.用分光光度计和光致发光光谱(PL)分析了纳米晶体的性能.退火温度低于550℃,纳米晶体处于成核阶段,600—625℃处于正常扩散生长阶段,700—800℃处于竞争生长阶段;而650℃处于两种生长阶段之间.虽然650℃下生长的纳米晶体的尺寸分布比较窄,但纳米晶体的尺寸随退火时间的延长几乎不变,在该温度改变退火时间很难改变纳米晶体的平均尺寸.在所有样品中出现了深能级缺陷,在650℃退火时间小于4h或大于16h有利 关键词： 纳米晶体 生长机理 深能级缺陷     

First-principles study of structural and opto-electronic characteristics of ultra-thin amorphous carbon films

Most amorphous carbon(a-C)applications require films with ultra-thin thicknesses;however,the electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics of such films remain unclear so far.To address this issue,we developed a theoretical model based on the density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulations,in order to calculate the electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics of the ultra-thin a-C films at different densities and temperatures.Temperature was found to have a weak influence over the resulting electronic structure and opto-electronic characteristics,whereas density had a significant influence on these aspects.The volume fraction of sp3 bonding increased with density,whereas that of sp2 bonding initially increased,reached a peak value of 2.52 g/cm³,and then decreased rapidly.Moreover,the extinction coefficients of the ultra-thin a-C films were found to be density-sensitive in the long-wavelength regime.This implies that switching the volume ratio of sp2 to sp3 bonding can effectively alter the transmittances of ultra-thin a-C films,and this can serve as a novel approach toward photonic memory applications.Nevertheless,the electrical resistivity of the ultra-thin a-C films appeared independent of temperature.This implicitly indicates that the electrical switching behavior of a-C films previously utilized for non-volatile storage applications is likely due to an electrically induced effect and not a purely thermal consequence.     

ComBn(m+n≤6)团簇的结构，电子特性和磁性研究

基于密度泛函理论和卡里普索结构预测方法,系统研究了ComBn(m+n≤6)团簇的结构,电子特性和磁性。首先,通过卡里普索结构预测方法获得了体系的基态和亚稳态结构。基于基态结构,利用HOMO-LUMO能隙,垂直电离势,垂直电子亲和势和化学硬度分析了掺杂体系的稳定性。最后,研究了基态结构对应的自然布局分布,自然电子组态等电子特性和磁性。