Observables and quark confinement in the covariant canonical formalism of Yang-Mills theory

A concise criterion for observables in Yang-Mills theory is presented in the framework of covariant canonical field theory. As an example, the symmetric energy-momentum tensor θ_øν is proved to be an observable and its physically meaningful form is clarified. The validity of the “Maxwell-type” equation of motion is established in the physical subspace $\text{V}$_phys defined by the subsidiary condition $\text{Q}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>B</mtext>}}\text{?}\text{phys}\text{〉 = 0}$ (Q_B: BRS charge). Its meaning and consequences are discussed in connection with the notion of observables: especially, all (quasi-) local observables in QCD are shown to be colour singlets and this fact paves the way to quark confinement.     

A regio- and stereo-controlled synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds and butenolides are readily prepared by the rhodium(I) catalyzed isomerization of 1,3-diene monoepoxides and α-alkylidene-γ-butyrolactones, respectively. The former transformation is formally regarded as the equivalent of a regiospecific aldol condensation of an unsymmetrical ketone.     

An oxidative route to α-trimethylsilyl ketones by means of rhodium catalyzed dehydrogenation of β-trimethylsilyl alcohols

The transfer hydrogenation of β-trimethylsilyl alcohols catalyzed by HRh(PPh₃)₄ has been successfully applied to the efficient synthesis of α-trimethylsilyl ketones.     

Observation of a soft phonon in linear chain compound (NbSe4)3I by Raman scattering

The phase transition of the linear chain compound (NbSe₄)₃I was studied by Raman scattering. At 78 K three new peaks were observed at 73 cm^?1, 205 cm^?1 and 261 cm^?1. The totally symmetric Raman peak at 73 cm^?1 shows anomalous temperature dependence. The frequency decreases with increasing temperature, and at high temperatures an anticrossing occurs with another peak observed at about 58 cm^?1. The Raman intensity decreases and the linewidth broadens remarkably as the temperature increases. These properties allow us to assign this peak to a soft phonon. This fact indicates clearly the existence of a structural phase transition of a displacive type below room temperature.     

Polymerisation von Propylen mit Tetrabenzylzirkonium

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The isolation and structure of tricyclosolidagolactone,a new diterpene from solidago altissima l.

Tricyclosolidagolactone has been isolated from the leaves of $\text{Solidago altissima}$ L., and its structure also been elucidated on the basis of its spectral data coupled with an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the corresponding trihydroxy compound produced on LiAlH₄ reduction.     

Synthesis and evaluation of 5-thio-L-fucose-containing oligosaccharide

5-Thio-L-fucose-containing trisaccharide H-type II was synthesized. The 3',4'-O-isopropylidene-2-azido-2-deoxylactoside derivative, which was prepared from lactose by azidonitration of lactal, was used as a starting material. By regio- and stereoselective 5-thio-L-fucosylation of the 6,6'-dibenzoate 5 with 5-thiofucosyl trichloroacetimidate 6 and subsequent deprotection gave the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II 1. Conformational analysis of the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II and the native H-type II was carried out through NOESY experiments. The observed NOE values between N-acetylglucosamine and galactose, and galactose and fucose were same for these two trisaccharides. However, NOE values between fucose and N-acetylglucosamine were significantly different. Binding of the 5-thio-L-fucose-containing H-type II to lectins and antibodies were in some case stronger and in some case weaker than those of the native trisaccharide.     

Poisson Boundary of the Dual of SU q (n)

We prove that for any non-trivial product-type action α of SU_q(n) (0<q<1) on an ITPFI factor N, the relative commutant is isomorphic to the algebra L^∞() of bounded measurable functions on the quantum flag manifold . This is equivalent to the computation of the Poisson boundary of the dual discrete quantum group . The proof relies on a connection between the Poisson integral and the Berezin transform. Our main technical result says that a sequence of Berezin transforms defined by a random walk on the dominant weights of SU(n) converges to the identity on the quantum flag manifold. Supported by JSPS. Partially supported by the Norwegian Research Council. Supported by the SUP-program of the Norwegian Research Council.