Gas-chromatographic analysis of free dichlorophenol isomers on modified Bentone 34

Summary Although it is difficult to analyze dichlorophenol isomers as free phenols by gas liquid chromatography, it has been found that a mixed phase consisting of Bentone 34 and dioctyl phthalate and one of Bentone 34 and sorbitol, resolved all dichlorophenol isomers sufficiently well. A mixed phase consisting of Bentone 34 and mannitol provided the most complete separation of the isomers.

---

Gas-chromatographische Analyse von freien Dichlorphenol-Isomeren an modifiziertem Benton 34

Zusammenfassung Die schwierige gas-chromatographische Trennung von Dichlorphenol-Isomeren als freie Phenole wurde untersucht. Es ergab sich, daß mit einer Mischphase von Benton 34 und Dioctylphthalat sowie von Benton 34 und Sorbit alle Isomere ausreichend gut getrennt werden können. Eine Mischphase aus Benton 34 und Mannit erlaubte die vollständigste Trennung.

     

Foreword

The world of catalysis has grown and broadened greatly. The necessity of catalytic technology in solving the contemporary environmental and industrial problems is obvious. Catalysis will be even more important in the next century in relation to global preservation and the supply of energy and resources. What we now need are truly innovative and useful catalysts and what we lack is the methodology of how to make those catalysts. We may have to admit that, in spite of a large number of published papers, there are many mere trial-and-error type repetitions and very few new and significant findings or concepts. This is due to the very complex nature of catalysts, industrial catalysts in particular. It is not easy to find the right way to proceed. One positive step to assist in finding the right way may be to promote a close and quick exchange of information and new concepts worldwide. We now start a new journal from Japan affiliated with the Catalysis Society of Japan: Catalysis Surveys from Japan. The main aim of this new journal is to disseminate as early as possible the important findings or movements from Japan which possibly lead to new concepts for the design of useful catalysts. Rapid, invited, short reviews or accounts from academia and industry will constitute the major part of Catalysis Surveys from Japan. Surveys of recent progress and activities in catalytic science and technology and related areas in Japan will be covered regularly as well. The journal will be issued twice a year. We would appreciate it if colleagues around the world who read the articles in Catalysis Surveys from Japan would send us critical comments. If requested and deemed appropriate, the comments will be included in the journal. We will be very happy if this small, new journal stimulates global communication between scientists and engineers in the world of catalysis, and assists in the development of innovative useful catalysts.     

Synthesis of perfluorochemicals for use as blood substitutes,part II: electrochemical fluorination of partly fluorinated compounds

Electrochemical fluorination of 2-methoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(F-methyl) octane gave the corresponding perfluorinated ether in 27% yield, along with cyclic by-products in 9%. A mixture of partly fluorinated tertiary amines, consisting of 1-dipropylamino-F-1-propene and 1-dipropylamino-2-hydryl-F-propane, did not afford a superior yield of tri(F-propyl)amine compared to the unfluorinated tripropylamine. 1-Diethylamino-2-(F-methyl)-F-1-pentene was fluorinated to give the corresponding F-tertiary amine in fairly good yields, together with 1-di(F-ethyl)amino-2-hydryl-2-(F-methyl)-F-pentane and their fragmented products. The study indicates that blocking of the α-carbon atom of an ether with F-methyl groups seems to reduce fragmentation, resulting in good yields of an unrearranged product. However, partial fluorination of a tertiary amine prior to electrochemical fluorination rather allows high yields of undesired by-products, as far as our experiments were concerned.     

Differential cross sections of proton Compton scattering in the energy range between 450 and 950 MeV

The differential cross sections of the proton Compton scattering around the second resonance have been measured at a c.m. angle of 90° for incident photon energies between 450 MeV and 950 MeV in steps of 50 MeV, and at an angle of 60° for energies between 600 MeV and 800 MeV. The results show that the peak of the 2nd resonance agrees with that of the pion photoproduction process. We also calculated the proton Compton scattering based on unitarity and fixed-t dispersion relations. The calculation describes well the data of the cross section and the recoil proton polarization.     

Tunneling junction as an open system normal tunneling

The method of the tunneling Hamiltonian is reformulated in the case of normal tunneling by introducing two independent particle baths. Due to the baths, it becomes possible to realize a final stationary state where the electron numbers of the two electrodes in the tunneling system are maintained constant and where there exists a stationary current. The effect of the bath-system couplings on the current-voltage characteristics of the junction is discussed in relation to the usual expression of the current as a function of voltage.