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21.
Selective chemical treatment of cellular microdomains using multiple laminar streams 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takayama S Ostuni E LeDuc P Naruse K Ingber DE Whitesides GM 《Chemistry & biology》2003,10(2):123-130
There are many experiments in which it would be useful to treat a part of the surface or interior of a cell with a biochemical reagent. It is difficult, however, to achieve subcellular specificity, because small molecules diffuse distances equal to the extent of the cell in seconds. This paper demonstrates experimentally, and analyzes theoretically, the use of multiple laminar fluid streams in microfluidic channels to deliver reagents to, and remove them from, cells with subcellular spatial selectivity. The technique made it possible to label different subpopulations of mitochondria fluorescently, to disrupt selected regions of the cytoskeleton chemically, to dislodge limited areas of cell-substrate adhesions enzymatically, and to observe microcompartmental endocytosis within individual cells. This technique does not require microinjection or immobilization of reagents onto nondiffusive objects; it opens a new window into cell biology. 相似文献
22.
Structural colors in nature: the role of regularity and irregularity in the structure. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Coloring in nature mostly comes from the inherent colors of materials, but it sometimes has a purely physical origin, such as diffraction or interference of light. The latter, called structural color or iridescence, has long been a problem of scientific interest. Recently, structural colors have attracted great interest because their applications have been rapidly progressing in many fields related to vision, such as the paint, automobile, cosmetics, and textile industries. As the research progresses, however, it has become clear that these colors are due to the presence of surprisingly minute microstructures, which are hardly attainable even by ultramodern nanotechnology. Fundamentally, most of the structural colors originate from basic optical processes represented by thin-film interference, multilayer interference, a diffraction grating effect, photonic crystals, light scattering, and so on. However, to enhance the perception of the eyes, natural creatures have produced various designs, in the course of evolution, to fulfill simultaneously high reflectivity in a specific wavelength range and the generation of diffusive light in a wide angular range. At a glance, these two characteristics seem to contradict each other in the usual optical sense, but these seemingly conflicting requirements are realized by combining appropriate amounts of regularity and irregularity of the structure. In this Review, we first explain the fundamental optical properties underlying the structural colors, and then survey these mysteries of nature from the viewpoint of regularity and irregularity of the structure. Finally, we propose a general principle of structural colors based on structural hierarchy and show their up-to-date applications. 相似文献
23.
Yoshihito Ikariyama Masuo Aizawa Shuichi Suzuki 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1980,5(4):223-233
Luminous membranes were prepared by immobilizing peroxidase (POD) to collagen matrix. The POD luminous membrane generated luninescence in the presence of luminol and H2O2, and the peroxide was determined in the concentration range 10-6-10-3 M by following luminescence emitted from the membrane. Glucose was determined using a luminous membrane in which POD and glucose oxidase (GOD) were coimmobilized. The luminous membranes appear to be feasible for the determination of enzyme substrates and enzyme activity. 相似文献
24.
We establish characterization of \(H^1\) Sobolev spaces by certain square functions of Marcinkiewicz type. The square functions are related to the Lusin area integrals. Also, in the one dimensional case, the non-periodic version of the function of Marcinkiewicz is applied to characterize weighted \(H^1\) Sobolev spaces.
相似文献25.
Yanting Song Katsuya Takatsuki Muneki Isokawa Tetsushi Sekiguchi Jun Mizuno Takashi Funatsu Shuichi Shoji Makoto Tsunoda 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(25):7993-7999
In this study, a fast and quantitative determination method for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), namely leucine, isoleucine, and valine, was developed using a pillar array column. A pillar array column with low-dispersion turns was fabricated on a 20?×?20-mm2 microchip using multistep ultraviolet photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. The BCAAs were fluorescently labeled with 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F), followed by reversed-phase separation on the pillar array column. The NBD derivatives of the three BCAAs and an internal standard (6-aminocaproic acid) were separated in 100 s. The calibration curves for the NBD-BCAAs had good linearity in the range of 0.4–20 μM, using an internal standard. The intra- and interday precisions were found to be in the ranges of 1.42–3.80 and 2.74–6.97 %, respectively. The accuracies for the NBD-BCAA were from 90.2 to 99.1 %. The method was used for the analysis of sports drink and human plasma samples. The concentrations of BCAAs determined by the developed method showed good agreements with those determined using a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography system. As BCAAs are important biomarkers of some diseases, these results showed that the developed method could be a potential diagnostic tool in clinical research. 相似文献
26.
Hajime Kawakami Makio C. Honda Shuichi Watanabe Toshiro Sino 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,301(2):461-468
We carried out time-series observations of 210Po and 210Pb radioactivity in the western North Pacific Ocean. The sinking fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the mesopelagic zone were estimated from 210Po radioactivity during several seasons in the subarctic and subtropical regions of the western North Pacific. The seasonal changes of POC fluxes at a depth of 400 m were larger in the subarctic region than in the subtropical region. The annual mean POC flux at a depth of 400 m was larger in the subarctic region (57 mgC m?2 day?1) than in the subtropical region (36 mgC m?2 day?1). The annual mean of the e-ratio (the ratio of POC flux to primary productivity) in the subarctic region (18 %) was about twice the e-ratio in the subtropical region (10 %). These results imply that the efficiency of the biological pump is larger in the subarctic region than in the subtropical region of the western North Pacific. 相似文献
27.
Shuichi Ebisawa Takuro Tsutsumi Tetsuya Taketsugu 《Journal of computational chemistry》2021,42(1):27-39
A mathematical aspect of the anharmonic downward distortion following (ADDF) path is discussed. The ADDF method is utilized as an automated reaction path search method, which can explore transition state geometries on a potential energy surface from a potential minimum. We show that the maximum number of the ADD stationary paths intersecting the potential minimum is 2f + 1 ? 2 , where f denotes the degree of freedom of the system. We also show that the bifurcation of the ADD stationary path is essential to detect all the transition states connected from a given minimum. The ADDF computation is demonstrated for a H2O molecule in which pitchfork bifurcation is observed. 相似文献
28.
Misawa Kensuke Yamaotsu Noriyuki Hirono Shuichi 《Journal of computer-aided molecular design》2021,35(5):601-611
Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design - Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that is overexpressed in many cancers. Numerous EZH2 inhibitors have been... 相似文献
29.
Direct Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction of α‐Isocyanoacetates with Ketimines using Cinchona Alkaloid/Copper(II) Catalysts 下载免费PDF全文
Masashi Hayashi Masaru Iwanaga Noriyuki Shiomi Dr. Daisuke Nakane Prof. Dr. Hideki Masuda Prof. Dr. Shuichi Nakamura 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(32):8411-8415
The enantioselective direct Mannich‐type reaction of ketimines with α‐isocyanoacetates has been developed. Excellent yields and enantioselectivity were observed for the reaction of various ketimines and α‐isocyanoacetates using cinchona alkaloid/Cu(OTf)2 and a base. Both enantiomers of the products could be obtained by using pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts. This process offers an efficient route for the synthesis of α,β‐diamino acids. 相似文献
30.
Observation of Unusual Molecular Diffusion Behaviour below the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Water/2‐Butoxyethanol Mixtures by using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy 下载免费PDF全文
Shuichi Toyouchi Dr. Shinji Kajimoto Dr. Daniel Barzan Dr. Alexander Kiel Prof. Dr. Jörg Enderlein Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Fukumura Prof. Dr. Dirk‐Peter Herten 《Chemphyschem》2014,15(17):3832-3838
The effect of solute affinity on solute diffusion in binary liquids well below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was studied by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We measured the hydrodynamic radii of a hydrophobic and an amphiphilic fluorescent dye under systematic variation of the relative molar fractions of water/2‐butoxyethanol and, for comparison, of water/methanol mixtures, which do not show phase separation. We found that the apparent hydrodynamic radius of the hydrophobic dye almost doubled in water/2‐butoxyethanol, whereas it remained largely unchanged for the amphiphilic dye and in water/methanol mixtures. Our results indicate that the translational diffusion of solutes is influenced by transient local solution structures, even at temperatures well below the LCST. We conclude that, even far below LCST, different solutes can experience different environments in binary liquid mixtures depending on both the solute and solvent properties, all of which impact their reactivity. 相似文献