影响杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的因素探讨

自从2009年首次报道采用有机-无机杂化钙钛矿作为吸光材料用于太阳能电池以来, 钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的快速提升引起了人们广泛的关注, 这类电池同时具有制备工艺简单、成本低廉等优点, 引发了钙钛矿电池的研究热潮. 目前研究工作大多数集中在如何提高电池的光电转化效率, 但钙钛矿电池要真正实现产业化应用, 急需要解决材料及器件的稳定性问题. 本文探讨影响钙钛矿材料及器件的稳定性因素, 从温度及湿度等方面分析了材料的稳定性, 从传输材料及其界面问题讨论了器件的稳定性.     

丁酮分子内价轨道1a″的电子动量谱学研究

用高分辨率电子动量谱仪进行丁酮分子的结合能谱和内价轨道1a″电子动量谱的实验工作，以及用Hartree-Fock和密度泛函理论方法对1a″轨道电子动量谱的理论研究. 得到了各价轨道的电离能值以及理论计算的总能、偶极矩和1a″轨道的二维密度图. 并比较了内价轨道1a″的电子动量谱的实验和理论计算结果，实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

Up-conversion photoluminescence characteristics of Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses

Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses are prepared.Their strong up-conversion photoluminescence spectra in a range from ultra-violet to near-infrared,which are excited by a 978-nm laser diode,are measured,and the mechanisms of energy transfer among Yb3+,Er3+ and Tm3+ ions are discussed.The results show that there is an unexpected wavelength at 900-nm emission from Yb3+ Stark splitting levels to pump Tm3+ ions and there exists an optimum pump power.The concentration of the Tm3+ dopant gives rise to a prominent effect on the intensity of visible and near-infrared emissions for the Yb3+:Er3+:Tm3+ co-doped borosilicate glasses.     

离子液体BMIMBF4-H2O中邻氯硝基苯的电化学还原性能

以离子液体BMIMBF4为溶剂和支持电解质, H2O为氢源, 采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法研究邻氯硝基苯在Cu微盘电极上的电化学还原性能. 研究结果表明, 邻氯硝基苯在离子液体中是一个受扩散控制的反应; 由不同极化电位下的电化学阻抗谱可看出, 在高频区主要是以电化学极化控制为主, 在低频区出现直线表明电化学反应受反应物质扩散控制, 表明该电化学反应是受电化学极化和反应物扩散联合控制, 随电位负移, 电极表面电荷传质的容抗弧逐渐减小, 反应更易进行; 在电解合成实验中, 在最优条件下(E=-0.9 V, c=74.4 mmol/L, Q=517.6 C)得到的产率(86.2%)最高, 比同类反应中电化学合成文献报道值高.     

Intense up-conversion emissions of Yb3+/Dy3+ co-doped Al2O3 nanopowders prepared by non-aqueous sol—gel method

Yb³⁺/Dy³⁺ co-doped Al₂O₃ nanopowders have been prepared by the non-aqueous sol-gel method and their up- conversion photoluminescence spectra are measured under excitation by 980-nm semiconductor laser. The results show that there are comparatively abundant spectra of up-conversion emissions centered at 378, 408, 527 and 543, and 663 nm, corresponding to ⁴G_9/2 → ⁶H_13/2, ⁴G_9/2 → ⁶H_11/2, ⁴I_15/2 → ⁶H_13/2, and ⁴F_9/2 → ⁶H_11/2 transitions of Dy³⁺, respectively. Two-photon and three-photon processes are involved in ultraviolet, violet, green, and red up-conversion emissions. The energy transition between Yb³⁺ and Dy³⁺ is discussed.     

Ligand- and protein-based modeling studies of the inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and a virtual screening for potential inhibitors from the Chinese herbal medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin,Baikal Skullcap)

We have previously examined the binding patterns of various substrates to human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) using a series of molecular modeling methods. In this study, we further explored the binding modes of various types of inhibitors to CYP2D6 using a combination of ligand- and protein-based modeling approaches. Firstly, we developed and validated a pharmacophore model for CYP2D6 inhibitors, which consisted of two hydrophobic features and one hydrogen bond acceptor feature. Secondly, we constructed and validated a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for CYP2D6 inhibitors which gave a poor to moderate prediction accuracy. Thirdly, a panel of CYP2D6 inhibitors were subject to molecular docking into the active site of wild-type and mutated CYP2D6 enzyme. We demonstrated that 8 residues in the active site (Leu213, Glu216, Ser217, Gln244, Asp301, Ser304, Ala305, and Phe483) played an important role in the binding to the inhibitors via hydrogen bond formation and/or π-π stacking interaction. Apparent changes in the binding modes of the inhibitors have been observed with Phe120Ile, Glu216Asp, Asp301Glu mutations in CYP2D6. Finally, we screened for potential binders/inhibitors from the Chinese herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis (Huangqin, Baikal Skullcap) using the established pharmacophore model for CYP2D6 inhibitors and molecular docking approach. Overall, 18 out of 40 compounds from S. baicalensis were mapped to the pharmacophore model of CYP2D6 inhibitors and most herbal compounds from S. baicalensis could be docked into the active site of CYP2D6. Our study has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of interaction of synthetic and herbal compounds with human CYP2D6 and further benchmarking studies are needed to validate our modeling and virtual screening results.     

Crystallization from the micellar phase of imidazolium-based cationic surfactants

The self-assembly and phase behavior of the aqueous dispersions consisting of the cationic surfactant, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C(16)mimCl), were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, freeze-fracture electron microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that the crystallization of C(16)mimCl upon cooling is strongly concentration-dependent. At low concentrations (10-25 wt%), the samples change directly from a spherical micellar solution to a lamellar crystalline phase. While at high concentrations (50-67 wt%), the initial cylindrical micelles first convert to the lamellar gel phase and then to the lamellar crystalline phase. Particular efforts have been devoted to unveiling the submolecular mechanisms of the phase transition processes. The transformation from the initial micellar phase to the final crystalline phase upon cooling involves both an ordering rearrangement in the alkyl tails and a dehydrating process in the head region. At high concentrations, the transformation is divided into two steps, i.e., the gelation and subsequent crystallization processes, both involving evident rearrangements of the surfactant tails. Moreover, a significant dehydration of the surfactant head part takes place in the gelation step and a partial rehydration occurs in the crystallization step.     

Investigation on ultrafast thrid—order optical nonlinearity of metal（dmit）2／mnt）2 Charge transfer complexes

We have investigated the transient third-order optical nonlinearity of the solutions of Metal(dmit)2/(mnt)2 salts in acetone by employing femtosecond optical Kerr gate measurement at 830nm wavelength.An order of enhancement on the second-order hyperppolarizability is found for the above salts with central atoms of Cu and Ni.We have suggested an explanation for the enhancement based on the extension of electronic conjugation by the entring Cu or Ni atom.     

氮杂类聚合大环化合物的合成

以间苯二甲酰氯为原料, 分别与二(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、二(4-氨基苯基)醚及二(4-氨基苯基)砜通过一步反应合成了3种新的[3＋3]氮杂类聚合大环化合物, 产率分别为41%, 40%和36%; 并通过元素分析, IR, 1H NMR,13C NMR和MS对其结构进行了表征.     

Experimental Study on Spiral Patterns in Dielectric Barrier Discharge System

Spiral patterns are obtained in a dielectric barrier discharge system with water electrodes. The dynamics of spiral formation and transition is investigated. Wavelength characteristic of spiral patterns is also studied. Correlation measurements indicate that the wavelength of spiral pattern increases with the increasing gas gap width and oscillates with the increasing drive frequency.