Synthesis and structure of 5-oxo-1-phenylpyrazoline-3- and 4-alkanoic acids. Antiinflammatory agents

Condensation of appropriate β-keto esters with phenylhydrazine gave 5-oxo-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-3-and 4-alkanoic esters 1 and 3 which were saponified to the corresponding alkanoic acids 2 and 4 . Analogous condensation of the same β-keto esters with hydrazobenzene gave 5-oxo-1,2-diphenyl-3-pyrazoline-3-and 4-alkanoic esters 5 and 7 which were similarly converted to acids 6 and 8 . The structures of the oxopyrazolines as revealed by their infrared absorption are discussed, and results of their antiinflammatory screening are reported.     

Locally conformal finite-difference time-domain techniques for particle-in-cell plasma simulation

The Dey–Mittra [S. Dey, R. Mitra, A locally conformal finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for modeling three-dimensional perfectly conducting objects, IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 7 (273) 1997] finite-difference time-domain partial cell method enables the modeling of irregularly shaped conducting surfaces while retaining second-order accuracy. We present an algorithm to extend this method to include charged particle emission and absorption in particle-in-cell codes. Several examples are presented that illustrate the possible improvements that can be realized using the new algorithm for problems relevant to plasma simulation.     

The reducibility of Ru,Pt/Ru and Pt oxide electrocatalysts as measured by temperature-programmed reduction and cyclic voltammetry

The electrochemical reduction of alkaline cryptates (222, M)⁺ has been studied on mercury electrode by normal pulse polarography, potentiostatic coulometry and cyclic voltammetry in propylene carbonate as solvent. The corresponding kinetic parameters have been calculated and compared with those obtained on solvated alkaline cations in the same medium. A more detailed study of the electrochemical reduction mechanism of the cryptate (222, K)⁺ shows that the primary product of the reduction is the unstable (222, K^o), and that the final stable products are the free ligand (222) and the amalgam K^o (Hg). The alkaline cations, when complexed by the same (222) ligand, exhibit close values of the polarographic diffusion coefficients. The specific polarographic behaviour of the cryptate (222, Cs)⁺ is described and its stability constant calculated in propylene carbonate. An analytical application of the electrochemical reduction of cryptates is also proposed.     

Efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfamides from sulfamic acid salts by activation with triphenylphosphine ditriflate

A general approach to prepare unsymmetrical sulfamides is described. This method relies on the activation of sulfamic acid salts with triphenylphosphine ditriflate, and subsequent trapping by a nucleophilic amine. This strategy improves access to N-octadecyl-N′-propylsulfamide, a feeding suppressant.