Palladium-catalyzed addition of nitrogen pronucleophiles to alkylidenecyclopropanes

The inter- and intramolecular additions of cyclic amides (nitrogen pronucleophiles) to methylenecyclopropanes proceeded smoothly in the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd(PPh(3))(4), affording the corresponding hydroamination products in good to high yields with high regioselectivities. The ring opening of methylenecyclopropanes occurred at the distal position of the cyclopropane ring.     

The outersphere complex of EuCl2+ in a mixed system of methanol and water of 1.0M (H, Na) (Cl, ClO4)

The stability constans, ₁, of each monochloride complex of Eu(III) have been determined in the methanol and water mixed system with 1.0 mol·dm^–3 ionic strength using a solvent extraction technique. The values of ₁ increase with an increase in the mole fraction of methanol (X _S ) in the mixed solvent system when 0X _S 0.40. The, distance of Eu³⁺–Cl^– in the mixed solvent system was calculated using the Born-type equation and the Gibbs' free energy derived from ₁. Calculation of the Eu³⁺–Cl^– distance and the preferential solvation, of Eu³⁺ by water proposed the variation of the outersphere complex of EuCl²⁺ as follows: (1) [Eu(H₂O)₉]³⁺Cl^–, [Eu(H₂O)₈]³⁺Cl^– and [Eu(H₂O)₇(CH₃OH)³⁺Cl^– inX _S0.014, (2) [Eu(H₂O)₈]^3–Cl^– and [Eu(H₂O)₇(CH₃OH)]³⁺Cl^– in 0.014<X _S <0.25 and (3) [Eu(H₂O)₇(CH₃OH)]^3–Cl^– and [Eu(H₂O)₆(CH₃OH)[₂ ³⁺Cl^– in 0.25<X _S 0.40.     

Photo‐Electrochemical C−H Bond Activation of Cyclohexane Using a WO3 Photoanode and Visible Light

The photo‐electrochemical C?H bond activation of cyclohexane to produce cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) with high partial oxidation selectivity (99 %) and high current utilization ratio (76 %) was achieved in air at room temperature at atmospheric pressure. The production rate of KA oil was accelerated by applying a bias. The incident photon to current efficiencies at 365 and 420 nm were 57 % and 24 %, respectively.     

An optimized protocol for anthraquinones isolation from Rhamnus frangula L.

Different from works described in the literature, which use expansive analytical methods to separation of anthraquinones derivatives (AQs), this communication reported a simple and inexpensive methodology to get them. In this way, the expensive commercial AQs: Chrysophanol, physcione and emodine were extracted from plant material (Rhamnus frangula L.) and isolated by classical column chromatography technique under optimised binary mobile phase gradients (CHCl₃ : AcOEt(a), a = 1 to 5%) in excellent yields.