T-matrix analysis of electromagnetic wave differaction from a Fourier grating

This paper is described for T-matrix analysis of the electromagnetic wave diffraction from a Fourier grating that the boundary value problem is treated by applying the extended boundary condition. The rigorous form of the expression of matrix elements is presented in the term of Bessel functions of the first kind. The error of power conservation versus the truncated number has been examined for mode number. Diffraction efficiencies versus groove depth and wavelength for a second or third harmonic wave of Fourier grating have been discussed. Numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained from other method and experimental values. Reasonable numerical results are presented for a groove depth per period of the Fourier grating less than 0.25.     

An analytical method for irinotecan (CPT-11) and its metabolites using a high-performance liquid chromatography: parallel detection with fluorescence and mass spectrometry

Irinotecan or 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) is an anticancer pro-drug used in the treatment of many types of cancer. We describe here the validation of an analytical method for CPT-11 and its metabolites, including an active metabolite, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), its glucuronidated form, SN-38G, and several cytochrome P450 3A-mediated products such as 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (APC) using a high-performance liquid chromatography connected to parallel fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection systems. This method is characterized as follows: (1) simple extraction of the analytes from biomaterials with perchloric acid/methanol; (2) sensitive quantitation of major metabolites (SN-38G, SN-38 and APC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD), where the limits of quantitation by FLD were 2.5 ng/mL for SN-38G and APC, 5 ng/mL for CPT-11 and 1 ng/mL for SN-38, respectively; (3) parallel selective monitoring of the metabolites including minor metabolites with a mass selected detector (MSD). There was no observed interference by other drugs expected to be co-administered. This method showed its usefulness by identifying a novel metabolite produced in human hepatic microsomes. The results indicate that this combination of FLD and MSD enables a highly selective analysis of CPT-11 and its metabolites, and is useful for studies both in vivo and in vitro.     

The (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CPN−1 model and the central charge

The supersymmetry algebra is examined for the (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CP^N?1 model, on the basis of the observation of Witten and Olive in (1+1) and (3+1) dimensions. We then demonstrate that also in this (2+1)-dimensional model the usual supersymmetry algebra is modified by the appearance of the topological numbers of the solitons, which are nothing but the instantons in (1+1) dimensions, as central charges. To obtain the model, we begin by constructing the supersymmetric model in (3+1) dimensions. Then it is reduced to (2+1) dimensions by means of the dimensional reduction technique. We observe that the (2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric CP^N?1 model thus obtained admits an O(2) extended supersymmetry.     

Preparation and properties of solvent-soluble bridged polybiphenylenes and related copolymers

A solvent-soluble polybiphenylene with a single hetero atom in the chain (a bridged polybiphenylene) was prepared according to the synthetic procedure for a solvent-soluble poly(4,4′-biphenylene). In addition, a related copolymer was similarly prepared by the addition of the MMA monomer in the reaction system. The thermal properties and viscosity behavior of each product were influenced by the hetero atom, especially by the introduction of MMA component in the chain. Each viscosity curve (η_sp/c vs. c) shows an anomalous peak at a specific concentration (0.3–0.002 g/100 ml DMF), depending upon the atomic group. The η_sp/c value for each homopolymer was not over 0.1 except in the neighborhood of the anomalous peak, while those for copolymers became 3–4 times larger than values for corresponding homopolymers. It is obvious that the viscosity of each copolymer increases due to an increase in flexibility due to introduction of the MMA units in the chain, since little difference in molecular weights is found between homopolymers (16,000–15,000) and copolymers (10,000–12,000).     

Theoretical studies on the photochemical reaction mechanisms of o-xylylene. Effects of phenyl group for electrocyclic reaction mechanism

The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the electrocyclic reactions of o-xylylene at the ground and the lowest excited states are calculated by CASSCF molecular orbital and MRMP2 methods. The lowest excited state geometry of o-xylylene has C(2v) symmetry and is about 65 kcal mol(-1) in energy above the ground state. The PESs in the vicinity of the conical intersection are different from those of the electrocyclic reaction of cis-butadiene. In the vicinity of the conical intersection, the transition state at the ground state relating to methylene-cycloheptadienyl carbene is located. The transition state is only 4.3 kcal mol(-1) lower in energy than the conical intersection at the CASSCF(10,10)/6-31G(d) level and 0.5 kcal mol(-1) lower at the MRMP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The transition state corresponding to benzocyclobutene does not locate in the vicinity of the conical intersection because of the resonance energy between benzene ring and methylene group.     

A distribution map for the one-median location problem on a network

In this paper we consider the Weber (one-median) location problem on a network. The weights at the nodes are drawn from a multivariate normal distribution. We find the probability that the optimal location is at each of the nodes. This set of probabilities is the distribution map. The methodology is illustrated on two networks of 20 nodes each.     

Demonstration for a two-axis interferometric tilt sensor in KAGRA

Recently, a folded Mach–Zehnder interferometer with homodyne in- and quadrature-phase detection was proposed as a high-precision, wide-dynamic range tilt sensor. By way of a practical application and to validate actual performance, two-axis tilt sensors were developed and installed for one mirror of the input mode cleaner cavity in KAGRA, the large-scale cryogenic gravitational-wave telescope in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. Building on previous work, we have demonstrated that the two-axis tilt sensor has properly sensed the tilt angle changes of the mirror motion with high precision and without calibration. Compared with our initial angular sensor, an optical lever, which is calibrated by using the interferometer tilt sensor, we found that both sensors showed actual tilt motions of the mirror at low frequencies, and the two-axis interferometer sensor has a better sensitivity at higher frequencies.     

Influence of oxygen vacancies on optical properties of anatase TiO2 thin films

This paper presents an investigation into the relaxation process of photo-excited carriers in anatase TiO₂ thin films, in which the concentration of oxygen vacancy is controlled by annealing at various temperatures in an oxygen atmosphere. The influence of oxygen vacancies on absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and PL decay dynamics are discussed.