Reduction of a mean ergodic Markov semigroup onC(X) into its irreducible components

Communicated by R. Nagel     

Initial growth behavior of GaAs on ZnSe in MOVPE

We have used atomic force microscopy to investigate the initial stages of the growth of GaAs on ZnSe by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Underlying ZnSe with an atomically flat surface is achieved by growth at 450°C and post-growth annealing at the same temperature. The growth modes of GaAs on the ZnSe surface strongly depend on growth temperatures. The growth carried out at 450°C is 2-dimensional, while that at 550°C is highly 3-dimensional (3D), where the 3D islands are elongated in the [110] direction. The growth behavior, unlike homoepitaxy, is well interpreted in terms of low sticking coefficient and anisotropic lateral growth rate in the heterovalent heteroepitaxy.     

Discrimination of D-enantiomers of amino acids from L-ones through an inorganic reaction.

This paper reports on an inorganic reaction that performs complete discrimination of D- and L-enantiomers from each other in an aqueous solution at room temperature. This is the first finding of an inorganic reaction that acts like an organic biosystem in the sense that such a kind of complete discrimination of enantiomers is a matter solely done through biosystems in nature. We also assume that they suggest significant concerns with not only analytical chemistry in regards to the discrimination of isomers, but also with cosmo/geo-chemistry.     

In situ FTIR study on the formation and adsorption of CO on alumina-supported noble metal catalysts from H2 and CO2 in the presence of water vapor at high pressures

The formation and adsorption of CO from CO(2) and H(2) at high pressures were studied over alumina-supported noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru) by in situ FTIR measurements. To examine the effects of surface structure of supported metal particles and water vapor on the CO adsorption, FTIR spectra were collected at 323 K with untreated and heat (673 K) treated catalysts in the absence and presence of water (H(2)O, D(2)O). It was observed that the adsorption of CO occurred on all the metal catalysts at high pressures, some CO species still remained adsorbed under ambient conditions after the high pressure FTIR measurements, and the frequencies of the adsorbed CO species were lower either for the heat treated samples or in the presence of water vapor. It is assumed that the CO absorption bands on atomically smoother surfaces appear at lower frequencies and that water molecules are adsorbed more preferentially on atomically rough surfaces rather than CO species.     

ESR and Chemical Bonding of Some Copper Complexes

ESR spectra of copper (II) was measured in 33 copper complexes which were synthesized in this laboratory and the bonding parameter α²of copper was calculated according to the method proposed by Kivelson. ⁽¹⁾ The results of these calculations are classified, together with the data quoted from the literature,^1-5into four groups according to the kinds of ligand atoms, i.e., α²is 0.72 to 0.87 for 0₄ - type complexes, 0.69 to 0.86 in N₂O₂, 0.74 to 0.82 in N₄, and 0.54 to 0.62 in S₄ and S₂₃N₂ type complexes, where 0, H and S refer the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms of ligands, respectively, that directly coordinate with copper.     

Orbits,sections, and induced transformations

A general me hod of constructing induced transformations in ergodic theory is introduced and studied. We show how this new method generalizes the well known construction of induced transformations defined by a recurrent transformation via the first return time to a subset of positive measure. Using our method we show a connection between ergodic transformations that preserve an equivalent measure and those that preserve no equivalent measure. Research supported in part by NSF grants GP 28738, 33185, and 30671     

Bruchvorg?nge in dehnbaren Polymeren. 2. Mitt. Morphologie-Analyse der lokalisierten plastischen Deformation eines Polycarbonat-Filmes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Influence of addition of olefins on the alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide and ethylenimine by azobisisobutyronitrile or by γ-ray irradiation

The alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide and ethylenimine to give poly-β-alanine could be initiated by γ-irradiation but hardly by α,α'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). It was found that in the case of the addition of olefin, this system could be copolymerized even by AIBN and that, in the γ-ray copolymerization of carbon monoxide and ethylenimine, the addition of olefin brought about an increase in the copolymer yield. No difference was observed between the nature of copolymers obtained by AIBN and those obtained by γ-irradiation, except in the system carbon monoxide–ethylenimine–ethylene. An increase in the amount of reacted olefin gave rise to an increase in copolymer yield. The melting points of the copolymers were in the range 295–335°C. The infrared spectra, x-ray diffraction diagrams, and NMR spectra of the copolymers were almost identical with that of poly-β-alanine obtained by the hydrogen-migration polymerization of acrylamide. Paper chromatographic analysis of the hydrolysis product of the copolymer showed the existence of β-alanine, ethylamine, and δ-aminovaleric acid homolog in the products. From these results, it was concluded that terpolymerization of carbon monoxide, ethylenimine, and olefin took place in the presence of AIBN or γ-irradiation which gave a crystalline solid copolymer containing the units of nylon 3 and nylon 5. A mechanism of this copolymerization was proposed on the basis of these results.     

Analysis of polymerase chain reaction-product by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection and its application to the diagnosis of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CGE-LIF) has been developed to detect polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified samples. LIF detection was performed using Thiazole Orange as the fluorescent intercalating dye. This method was ca. 100X as sensitive as that with UV detection. The highly sensitive CGE-LIF was applied to the detection of the most prevalent mutation (lysine³²⁹- to-glutamic acid substitution) in medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency. The disorder, which shows an autosomal recessive inheritance, is known to be highly prevalent among Caucasian population and often mimics as Reye-like syndrome or sudden infant death.

A DNA fragment containing the mutation site was PCR-amplified with two sets of allele specific oligonucleotide primers, followed by CGE-LIF. The mutant allele produced a 175-base pairs DNA fragment, which the normal allele generated a 202-base pairs DNA fragment. CGE-LIF clearly distinguished these PCR products, facilitating rapid diagnosis of MCAD deficiency.     

Hydrogen bonding effect on photocurrent generation in porphyrin-fullerene photoelectrochemical devices

A hydrogen bonding effect on photocurrent generation has been evaluated successfully in a mixed film of porphyrin and fullerene with hydrogen bonding on an ITO electrode, which exhibits efficient cathodic photocurrent generation as compared to the reference system without hydrogen bonding.