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51.
Barium can be precipitated as barium fluoroberyllate, Ba[BeF4], with ammonium fluoroberyllate in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at pH 6–7. Lead does not precipitate under these conditions and a good separation can be effected. The precipitate is dried at 110° C and weighed. 相似文献
52.
A facile solid phase conversion of 2-chloro-3-cyano-4-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinolines to 3-cyano-4-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones in almost quantitative yields and a novel synthesis of 2,3-dicarbomethoxy-2-hydroxycyclopenta[b]quinoline are described. 相似文献
53.
Yasuyuki Takeda Tokutarō Kimura 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1991,11(2):159-170
Stability constants of 1 : 1 16-crown-5 (16C5)-metal ion complexes were determined in water at 25°C by conductometry and potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes. The selectivity sequences of 16C5 in water for univalent and bivalent metal ions are Ag+ > Na+ Tl+ > K+ and Sr2+ > Ba2+ Pb2+, respectively. The stability of a given 16C5-metal ion complex in water is much lower than might be expected on the basis of the solvation power (i.e. relative solubility of the metal ion) of water for the metal ion. The same tendency is observed for the cases of 15-crown-5 (15C5) -metal ion complexes. Transfer activity coefficients () of 15C5 and 16C5 for tetradecane (TD)/water, TD/methanol, TD/acetonitrile, and propylene carbonate/water systems were determined at 25°C. From these data, contributions of a methylene group and an ether oxygen atom to the log value of a crown ether were then obtained. The values from water to acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and methanol of 15C5- and 16C5-univalent metal ion complexes
were calculated, s, M+, and L being a solvent, a univalent metal ion, and a crown ether, respectively. The log
value is greater than the corresponding log
value. The log
values are negative. This indicates that, although the M- ions are more soluble in water than in the nonaqueous solvents, when the crown ether forms a complex with the M+ ion, the complex becomes more soluble in the nonaqueous solvents than in water, compared with the free crown ether. It was concluded from this finding that the unexpectedly low stability of the crown ether-M+ complex in water is attributed to strong hydrogen bonding between ether oxygen atoms of the free crown ether and water. 相似文献
54.
Amiya Atahar M. Yousuf Ali Mollah M. Muhibur Rahman Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2018,92(3-4):301-309
Two imidazolium-based hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, were used to form inclusion complexes (ICs) with α- and β-cyclodextrins (CDs). Formation of the ICs of each CD with each IL was confirmed by the appearance of a characteristic peak in the UV region. Characterisation of the ICs by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy provided information about the interactions between the host and guest molecules and the structure of the ICs. Temperature-dependent particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering suggested that the size of the host and the guest governs their stability. 相似文献
55.
S. Arul Veda Manickam Kannan K. Moudgalya Amiya K. Pani 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing》2004,15(1-2):1-28
We first apply a first order splitting to a semilinear reaction-diffusion equation and then discretize the resulting system by anH 1-Galerkin mixed finite element method in space. This semidiscrete method yields a system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) ofindex one. Apriori error estimates for semidiscrete scheme are derived for both differential as well as algebraic components. For fully discretization, an implicit Runge-Kutta (IRK) methods is applied to the temporal direction and the error estimates are discussed for both components. Finally, we conclude the paper with a numerical example. 相似文献
56.
57.
Nonlinear Dynamics - In this study, the (2+1)-dimensional combined Korteweg–de Vries and modified Korteweg–de Vries equation has been considered for the first time. Firstly, we check... 相似文献
58.
Ravi Devraj Kaushik Nag Prasant Nahak Kausik Manna Mauricia Fritzen-Garcia David W. Thompson Kimiko Makino Hiroyuki Ohshima Hiromichi Nakahara Osamu Shibata Amiya Kumar Panda 《Colloid and polymer science》2014,292(11):2765-2774
Lung surfactant (LS), a lipid–protein mixture responsible for alveolar stability, is inhibited by serum proteins leaked into the lungs in disease. Interaction of bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES), a clinical replacement lung surfactant, with serum protein fibrinogen (Fbg) was studied employing various structural and biophysical techniques in adsorbed films and bulk bilayer dispersions. Surface tension area isotherms of the adsorbed films revealed the suppression of interfacial activity of BLES by Fbg (adsorption and surface tension reduction). Fbg, predominantly associated with the fluid phase of BLES films, resulted in the aggregation of the gel lipid domains as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. BLES bilayer dispersion showed phase transition from a diffused gel to liquid–crystalline phase in the temperature range 10–35 °C as studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fbg resulted in the shift of peak to a higher transition temperature for the maximal heat flow (T max) of BLES dispersions. Combined Raman and FTIR spectral studies of the BLES/Fbg dispersions revealed that Fbg altered the –CH2–, –CH3, and –PO4 ? vibrational modes of the phospholipids present in BLES, suggesting the condensing and dehydrating effect of the protein on surfactant. Studies suggest that Fbg, by directly interacting with the gel lipids in LS in bulk dispersions, alter the packing of the films formed at the interface, and can be used as a specific model for lung disease. 相似文献
59.
Extractions of alkali metal (Na-Cs) picrates (MA) with 15-crown-5 (15C5) into various diluents of low dielectric constant were conducted at 25 degrees C. Using the extraction data, the ion-pair formation constants (K(MLA)) in water of 15C5-MA 1:1:1 complexes were determined by an equation derived from the regular solution theory (logK(MLA)=4.43+/-0.27 for Na, 3.27+/-0.42 for K, 3.58+/-0.35 for Rb, and 2.78+/-0.41 for Cs). The actual overall extraction equilibrium constants were obtained by considering the concentrations of the 1:1:1 15C5 complexes and the ion-pair formation between uncomplexed alkali metal and picrate ions in the aqueous phase. The distribution constants of the 15C5 complexes were calculated and their partition behavior is explained by the regular solution theory. Molar volumes and solubility parameters of 15C5 itself and the complexes were determined. Extraction-efficiency and -selectivity of 15C5 for alkali metal picrates were completely elucidated from the standpoint of equilibrium. 相似文献
60.
To advance science and technology, we must stand on the shoulders of others; they do not have to be giants, but they must be steady. Carbon electrodes made by dry pyrolysis of biomass are ubiquitous thanks to the enormous abundance and variety of biomass. However, making precise and reproducible carbons from highly varied precursors is challenging. One approach is to erase differences by intense etching or heating. Other strategies harness the richness of biomass by investigating biomass–carbon–electrochemistry correlations systematically and by developing chemical and thermal treatments for gentle homogenization. Comparing ~120 articles on ~80 biomass sources demonstrates that full reporting of the biomass origin, organ, age, and other parameters is essential for further development of precise and reproducible carbon electrode materials. 相似文献