3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。     

Investigation of Molecular Diffusion at Block Copolymer Thin Films Using Maximum Entropy Method-Based Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Single Molecule Tracking

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) has been widely used to investigate molecular diffusion behavior in various samples. The use of the maximum entropy method (MEM) for FCS data analysis provides a unique means to determine multiple distinct diffusion coefficients without a priori assumption of their number. Comparison of the MEM-based FCS method (MEM-FCS) with another method will reveal its utility and advantage as an analytical tool to investigate diffusion dynamics. Herein, we measured diffusion of fluorescent probes doped into nanostructured thin films using MEM-FCS, and validated the results with single molecule tracking (SMT) data. The efficacy of the MEM code employed was first demonstrated by analyzing simulated FCS data for systems incorporating one and two diffusion modes with broadly distributed diffusion coefficients. The MEM analysis accurately afforded the number of distinct diffusion modes and their mean diffusion coefficients. These results contrasted with those obtained by fitting the simulated data to conventional two-component and anomalous diffusion models, which yielded inaccurate estimates of the diffusion coefficients. Subsequently, the MEM analysis was applied to FCS data acquired from hydrophilic dye molecules incorporated into microphase-separated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) thin films characterized under a water-saturated N₂ atmosphere. The MEM analysis revealed distinct fast and slow diffusion components attributable to molecules diffusing on the film surface and inside the film, respectively. SMT studies of the same materials yielded trajectories for mobile molecules that appear to follow the curved PEO microdomains. Diffusion coefficients obtained from the SMT data were consistent with those obtained for the slow diffusion component detected by MEM-FCS. These results highlight the utility of MEM-FCS and SMT for gaining complementary information on molecular diffusion processes in heterogeneous material systems.

Graphical Abstract

     

Fast Modulation of d-Band Holes Quantity in the Early Reaction Stages for Boosting Acidic Oxygen Evolution

Synthesis of highly active and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts applied in acidic water electrolysis remains a grand challenge. Here, we construct a type of high-loading iridium single atom catalysts with tunable d-band holes character (h-HL−Ir SACs, ∼17.2 wt % Ir) realized in the early OER operation stages. The in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the quantity of the d-band holes of Ir active sites can be fast increased by 0.56 unit from the open circuit to a low working potential of 1.35 V. More remarkably, in situ synchrotron infrared and Raman spectroscopies demonstrate the quick accumulation of *OOH and *OH intermediates over holes-modulated Ir sites in the early reaction voltages, achieving a rapid OER kinetics. As a result, this well-designed h-HL−Ir SACs exhibits superior performance for acidic OER with overpotentials of 216 mV @10 mA cm⁻² and 259 mV @100 mA cm⁻², corresponding to a small Tafel slope of 43 mV dec⁻¹. The activity of catalyst shows no evident attenuation after 60 h operation in acidic environment. This work provides some useful hints for the design of superior acidic OER catalysts.     

Restructuring-induced activity of SiO(2)-supported large au nanoparticles in low-temperature CO oxidation

Large Au nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 10 nm supported on inert SiO(2) become active in low-temperature CO oxidation after the addition of NaNO(3). The catalyst structures have been characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The NaNO(3) additive in Au/SiO(2) catalysts does not lead to the formation of fine Au nanoparticles, which are generally considered to be inevitable in low-temperature CO oxidation catalyzed by gold, nor does it alter the electronic structure of Au. The NaNO(3)-induced restructuring of large Au nanoparticles was proposed to create low-coordinated Au sites on the surface capable of catalyzing low-temperature CO oxidation. These results experimentally prove that the activity of supported Au nanoparticles in low-temperature CO oxidation could solely arise from their geometric structure, which greatly deepens the fundamental understandings of Au nanocatalysis.     

一个二流体系统中非线性水波的Hamilton描述

讨论了一个二流体系统中非线性水波的Hamilton描述,该系统由水平固壁之上的两层常密度不可压无粘流体组成,上表面为自由面.文中将速度势函数展开成垂向坐标的幂级数,在浅水长波的假定下,取下层流体的“动厚度”与上层流体的“折合动厚度”为广义位移、界面上和自由面上的速度势为广义动量,根据Hamilton原理并运用Legendre变换导出该系统的Hamilton正则方程,从而将单层流体情形的结果推广到分层流体的情形.     

爆炸载荷作用下具有可折叠芯层夹芯梁的动态响应

基于目前研究最广泛的刚性折纸(Tachi-origami)样式,通过改变其初始折叠角度构建出4种不同的蜂窝胞元,并且通过排列分布将其组成夹芯梁。采用商用有限元软件Abaqus/explicit对准静态和爆炸载荷作用下可折叠芯层夹芯梁的力学响应进行研究,分析可折叠芯层的泊松比变化规律、夹芯梁背板挠度以及能量吸收机理;并将夹芯梁与等质量的实体梁进行对比。采用后面板最大挠度作为抗爆性能的评价,结果发现:可折叠芯层在准静态载荷下具有一定的负泊松比效应;夹芯梁的抗爆性能优于实体梁,曲边蜂窝的初始折角对其作为芯层夹芯梁的抗爆性能有较大影响,随着初始折角的逐渐增大,其抗爆性能逐渐下降;当初始折角为直角时对应于方孔直边蜂窝,其抗爆性能最差。     

半导体可饱和吸收镜被动锁模侧面抽运Nd:YAG激光器研究

利用半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)锁模技术实现的超快脉冲激光器具有结构简单紧凑、脉冲序列稳定等优势,在许多领域有着重要用途,自问世以来受到国内外的广泛关注.分析了SESAM被动锁模侧面抽运固体激光器的具体要求,进行了不同条件下的SESAM被动锁模侧面抽运Nd:YAG激光器实验.获得了最高平均功率9.5 W,脉冲重复频率71 MHz,单脉冲能量约141 nJ的皮秒激光脉冲.对SESAM被动锁模侧面抽运Nd:YAG激光器进行了实验和理论分析,对实现高功率连续超短脉冲激光器进行了探讨.     

梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应

利用弹道冲击摆锤系统对分层梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载下的动力响应进行了实验研究,分析了梯度蜂窝夹芯板在爆炸荷载作用下的变形失效模式,并与传统非梯度蜂窝夹芯板的抗爆性能做了对比。通过一维应力波理论,分析了应力波在梯度芯层中的传播规律。应力波透射系数在梯度试件中比非梯度芯层中小,而且相对密度递减的芯层组合有最小的应力波透射系数。综合考虑结构变形失效模式,后面板挠度,芯层压缩量以及应力波传播特点得到:分层梯度蜂窝夹芯板的抗爆性能明显优于传统的非梯度夹芯板,在所研究的荷载范围内,芯层相对密度从大到小排列试件的抗爆性能相对较好。     

Current-mode current-tunable four-phase quadrature oscillator

A current-mode current-tunable four-phase quadrature oscillator (QO) using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTA) is presented in this paper. The proposed QO consists of three CDTAs and two grounded capacitors, which can provide four quadrature current outputs at high impedance nodes. The proposed QO has the advantages of electronically and independently control of oscillation condition and oscillation frequency. Moreover, the active and passive sensitivities of the QO are low. Cadence IC Design Tools 5.1.41 post-layout simulation results are included to confirm the theory.     

GO法在固体激光器可靠性分析中的应用

对高功率半导体泵浦固体激光器(DPL)系统的可靠性进行了分析,根据GO法的原理构建了DPL系统的GO图;利用GO法计算公式,得到了系统故障率和平均无故障工作时间等重要可靠性指标。结果符合实验室经验值。最后分析了各部件的故障率的重要度,讨论了改善高功率DPL系统可靠性的措施,对系统的使用和维修等工作具有参考意义。