An electric field screen prevents captured insects from escaping by depriving bioelectricity generated through insect movements

An insulated conductor wire (ICW) paralleled with an earthed net was used to observe movements by vinegar flies in relation to their electricity release. ICW was negatively charged to create a positive charge on the net. At particular voltages, flies were attracted to ICW. This attraction was triggered by the deprivation of the insect negative charge with the net. Eventually the insects became net positive and were drawn to the ICW negative charge. The attracted insects generated bioelectricity through skeletal muscular movements. However, the electricity produced was depleted by the net without neutralizing their positive charge in the insect body.     

Transverse Relaxation of Scalar Coupled Protons in Magnetic Resonance of Non-Deuterated Proteins

The transverse relaxation rates R ₂ = 1/T ₂ of protons can be determined by spin-echo sequences with multiple refocusing pulses using moderate radio-frequency field strengths and properly chosen inter-pulse delays so as to suppress echo modulations due to homonuclear scalar couplings. Combination with 2D heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) allows one to measure R ₂ of arbitrary protons attached to nitrogen-15 or carbon-13 nuclei. Decays of six amide protons in the protein Ubiquitin that is nitrogen-15 enriched (but not deuterated) were measured at different temperatures.     

Monocular viewing prolongs reversal interval of perceptual rival figure

The authors examined whether the perceptual reversal rate changes under monocular versus binocular viewing conditions. Our results suggest that the perceptual reversal interval increases during monocular viewing. The ratio of the reversal rate (1/interval) for the two viewing conditions (binocular/monocular) was 1.28 over a wide range of pattern luminance levels. The quoted ratio was 1.40 when the luminance was high. Such a ratio parallels the value of a well-known binocular summation index $(\sqrt 2 )$ , which was derived from the signal detection theory. The binocular summation index shows that the strength of an input signal is enhanced by binocular viewing. However, how the binocular summation shortens the perceptual reversal interval is unclear. This issue can be resolved if the perceptual reversal is derived by integrating the strength of an unconscious image signal. Thus, we discussed the mechanism of perceptual switch by associating two classical, well-studied phenomena, binocular summation and perceptual switch.