Solid state of a new flavonoid derivative DA-6034

DA-6034 is a new synthetic flavonoid known to possess anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this work was to investigate the existence of polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs of DA-6034. Six crystal forms, one hydrate form and five solvates, of DA-6034 have been isolated by recrystallization and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). From the DSC and TG data it was confirmed that Form 1 is monohydrate; Form 2 is DMSO solvate; Form 3 is 1/2 DMSO solvate; Form 4 is 1/2 methyl ethyl ketone solvate; Form 5 is 1.5 H₂O, 1/2 acetic acid solvate; Form 6 is 1/2 H₂O, 1/4 butanol solvate. The PXRD patterns of the six crystal forms were different respectively. In the dissolution studies in pH 6.8 ± 0.05 buffer at 37 ± 0.5 °C, the solubility of solvates was higher than that of Form 1.     

Hollow nanodendritic nickel oxide networks prepared by dealloying of nickel–copper alloy

Three-dimensional hollow nanorod network of nickel has been produced by a dealloying process of the electrodeposited nickel–copper alloy with nanodendritic structure. The nanostructured nickel was subsequently heat treated to form the nickel oxide with little change in the original structure. The resulting sample was tested as the high rate anode in a rechargeable lithium battery. It shows the exceptional rate capability, far exceeding that of the counterpart of nickel–copper oxide network with normal solid branches: reversible capacity at the rate of 20.9 A g^?1 is approximately 70 % of the capacity at 0.26 A g^?1 rate.     

Medical applications of breath hydrogen measurements

In this article, technical developments in breath analysis and its applications in the field of clinical diagnosis and the monitoring of various symptoms, particularly molecular hydrogen in breath, are introduced. First, a brief overview of the current uses of the hydrogen breath test is provided. The principles of the test and how hydrogen can be used as a biomarker for various symptoms, and monitoring microbial metabolism, are introduced. Ten case-study applications of breath hydrogen measurements for which hydrogen exhibits beneficial effects for diagnosis, including the contexts of oxidative stress, gastrointestinal disease, and metabolic disorders, are discussed. The technologies and problems involved in breath hydrogen testing, sampling, pretreatment, and detection in exhaled breath are discussed, and research including current analytical systems and new sensors is focused on in the context of hydrogen detection.     

Spreader-CDR system for efficient,reproducible, and frugal western blot

Efficient antibody incubation is a vital step for successful western blot. During the incubation, a thin antibody-depleted layer is created around the blotting membrane, which limits antibody binding. Although the conventional batch shaking method is ineffective against it, this layer can be easily disrupted by cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) of the antibody solution during membrane incubation. Previously, we introduced a closed and rotating cylindrical chamber as a tool to implement CDR for western blots (rCDR). A new open bucket-style chamber was devised for easier operation and the possibility of process automation. Instead of rotation as in rCDR, rocking it back and forth achieved the CDR antibody incubation (R-CDR). The chamber was then equipped with a spreader-rod to facilitate the uniform movement of the antibody solution across the membrane surface. Hence, it was named spreader CDR (S-CDR). Compared to the batch incubation method, both the S-CDR and R-CDR devices produced significantly enhanced signals and developed faster results. There were several additional benefits of using the spreader-rod, which included uniform antibody binding across the membrane, reduced usage of antibodies, and the ability to recover results even from mishandled, creased membranes. The S-CDR device ensures better blots and can be easily implemented in existing western blot protocols.     

Production of $$^{178}$$ 178 Hfm2 and a simple chemical separation method for Hf recovery

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The nuclear isomer $$^{178}$$ Hfm2 enables various investigations owing to its unique properties. To study exotic nuclear reactions induced by...     

The improved photosensitivity of photosensitive polyimides containing o-nitrobenzyl ether groups induced by the addition of photoacid generator

In this article, photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) with photosensitive groups, o-nitrobenzyl ether groups (Nb), were successfully synthesized based on 2,2′-dihydroxy benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and on diamine containing ethylene glycol chains (ODA). Also, a series of polyimide (PI), ODA-1-PI, ODA-3-PI, and ODA-5-PI with a number of ethylene glycol chains of 1, 3, and 5 were prepared to investigate the relationship between structure and solubility. Interestingly, ODA-5-PI, which possesses a large number of ethylene glycols, exhibited the most excellent solubility. Therefore, due to the good solubility of ODA-5-PI in organic solvents and alkaline solutions, a PSPI, poly(1,4-phenyleneoxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaoctane-1,4-phenylene-2,2′-di[2-nitrobenzyloxy]benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxdiimide), named ODA-5-PSPI, was synthesized by linking Nb, which is a photosensitive group. Aiming at producing positive tone patterns, the synthesized ODA-5-PSPI was exposed to UV irradiation and then to a post-exposure bake. Afterward, it was developed using a 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution. Furthermore, a photoacid generator (PAG) was additionally incorporated for a micropatterning process. Notably, in the presence of the PAG, the photocleavage of ODA-5-PSPI occurred not only by the intramolecular rearrangement of Nb but also by its hydrolysis reaction. As a result, due to the synergistic effect of photocleavage, the micropatterning of ODA-5-PSPI with PAG could be clearly obtained with less energy (2.0 J/cm²) compared with that without PAG (3.6 J/cm²). Therefore, through the addition of PAG, the photosensitivity was improved by 45%.     

1839年1月2日：第一个月球的达盖尔银版摄影

无论从地面的望远镜,或像哈勃太空望远镜等仪器拍摄出高分辨率的星球彩色照片,是现今天文学研究的主要方法,但以前并非都是如此。在发明摄影术之前,天文学家必须将他们在望远镜中之所见手绘出来,时常会遗漏重要的细节;天文学家再将原先的初图重画复制,错误也不知不觉地存在画中。一直到达盖尔发明银版照相法后,天文学家才找到了更好的方法。     

LigDockCSA: protein-ligand docking using conformational space annealing

Protein–ligand docking techniques are one of the essential tools for structure‐based drug design. Two major components of a successful docking program are an efficient search method and an accurate scoring function. In this work, a new docking method called LigDockCSA is developed by using a powerful global optimization technique, conformational space annealing (CSA), and a scoring function that combines the AutoDock energy and the piecewise linear potential (PLP) torsion energy. It is shown that the CSA search method can find lower energy binding poses than the Lamarckian genetic algorithm of AutoDock. However, lower‐energy solutions CSA produced with the AutoDock energy were often less native‐like. The loophole in the AutoDock energy was fixed by adding a torsional energy term, and the CSA search on the refined energy function is shown to improve the docking performance. The performance of LigDockCSA was tested on the Astex diverse set which consists of 85 protein–ligand complexes. LigDockCSA finds the best scoring poses within 2 Å root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) from the native structures for 84.7% of the test cases, compared to 81.7% for AutoDock and 80.5% for GOLD. The results improve further to 89.4% by incorporating the conformational entropy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011